ArticleJCI insight2021
Immunofibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Levels in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Fibrotic-like Lung Changes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as biomarkers of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Post-booster longitudinal plasma proteomic changes following BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in Qatar.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Post-COVID spirometric abnormalities in workers with intermittent high-altitude exposure: A cross-sectional study in Peru.PloS one · 2026Article
- Innate immune activation and mitochondrial ROS induce acute and persistent cardiac conduction system dysfunction after COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Inflammatory, fibrotic and endothelial biomarker profiles in COVID-19 patients during and following hospitalization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Persistence of dysfunctional immune response 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and their relationship with pulmonary sequelae and long COVID.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Early pulmonary fibrosis-like changes between delta and pre-delta periods in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia on mechanical ventilation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Research progress of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
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- The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Sequential multi-omics analysis identifies clinical phenotypes and predictive biomarkers for long COVID.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Thromboinflammation in long COVID-the elusive key to postinfection sequelae?Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2023Review
- Causal relationship between particulate matter 2.5 (PMJournal of global health · 2023Article
- Article
- Whole-Genome Methylation Sequencing Reveals that COVID-19-induced Epigenetic Dysregulation Remains 1 Year after Hospital Discharge.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Post-COVID Interstitial Lung Disease-The Tip of the Iceberg.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDIndividuals recovering from COVID-19 frequently experience persistent respiratory ailments, which are key elements of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC); however, little is known about the underlying biological factors that may direct lung recovery and the extent to which these are affected by COVID-19 severity.METHODSWe performed a prospective cohort study of individuals with persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19, collecting clinical data, pulmonary function tests, and plasma samples used for multiplex profiling of inflammatory, metabolic, angiogenic, and fibrotic factors.RESULTSSixty-one participants were enrolled across 2 academic medical centers at a median of 9 weeks (interquartile range, 6-10 weeks) after COVID-19 illness: n = 13 participants (21%) had mild COVID-19 and were not hospitalized, n = 30 participants (49%) were hospitalized but were considered noncritical, and n = 18 participants (30%) were hospitalized and in the intensive care unit (ICU). Fifty-three participants (85%) had lingering symptoms, most commonly dyspnea (69%) and cough (58%). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) declined as COVID-19 severity increased (P < 0.05) but these values did not correlate with respiratory symptoms. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis of plasma biomarker profiles clustered participants by past COVID-19 severity. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), MMP-7, and HGF identified by our analysis were significantly higher in the ICU group (P < 0.05), inversely correlated with FVC and DLCO (P < 0.05), and were confirmed in a separate validation cohort (n = 53).CONCLUSIONSubjective respiratory symptoms are common after acute COVID-19 illness but do not correlate with COVID-19 severity or pulmonary function. Host response profiles reflecting neutrophil activation (LCN2), fibrosis signaling (MMP-7), and alveolar repair (HGF) track with lung impairment and may be novel therapeutic or prognostic targets.FundingNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K08HL130557 and R01HL142818), American Heart Association (Transformational Project Award), the DeLuca Foundation Award, a donation from Jack Levin to the Benign Hematology Program at Yale University, and Duke University.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.