ArticleAging2021
Carbon nanotubes (CNT)-loaded ginsenosides Rb3 suppresses the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ginsenosides Rh2 and Rg3 in first-line combination therapy: Prospects for rapid clinical translation in drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Bioactive Constituents of Ginseng in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms, Translational Potential, and Advanced Delivery Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- From Early Diagnoses to New Treatments for Liver, Pancreatic, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers Using Carbon Nanotubes: New Chances Still Underexplored.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Age-related and postmenopausal breast cancer progression and treatment management: The significance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Review
- Integration of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine with nano-delivery systems for tumor immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Review
- Current Advances in Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- The role of IL-22 in cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Human disease-related long noncoding RNAs: Impact of ginsenosides.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Unveiling the experimental proof of the anticancer potential of ginsenoside Rg3 (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
- Remodeling of tumour microenvironment: strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance and innovate immunoengineering in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Ginsenosides: changing the basic hallmarks of cancer cells to achieve the purpose of treating breast cancer.Chinese medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Theranostics for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A review of nanomaterials from synthetic and natural molecules for prospective breast cancer nanotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles with permeation enhancing based chitosan derivatives were encapsulated with doxorubicin by thermosensitive hydrogel and anti-cancer evaluation of peritumoral hydrogel injection combined with PD-L1 antibody.Biomaterials research · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in Nanomaterials of Group XIV Elements of Periodic Table in Breast Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Immunomodulatory potential of natural products from herbal medicines as immune checkpoints inhibitors: Helping to fight against cancer via multiple targets.Medicinal research reviews · 2022Review
- Emergence of Nanotechnology as a Powerful Cavalry against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as advanced nanotechnology with specific properties and structures, have presented practical drug delivery properties. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a component of puffed ginseng and demonstrates anti-cancer activities. To explore the effect of CNTs-loaded Rg3 (Rg3-CNT) on the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling and the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our data revealed that Rg3 inhibited the cell viability of TNBC cells, in which Rg3-CNT further enhanced this effect in the system. Similarly, the colony formation of TNBC cells was decreased by Rg3, while Rg3-CNT could reinforce its effect in the cells. Besides, the treatment of Rg3 induced apoptosis of TNBC cells, in which Rg3-CNT treatment further increased the phenotype in the cells. Remarkably, Rg3-CNT, but not Rg3, attenuated PD-L1 expression in TNBC cells. Rg3-CNT decreased the PD-L1 upregulation induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in breast cancer cells. Importantly, Rg3-CNT was able to reduce PD-1 expression in activated T cells. Specifically, Rg3-CNT reduced the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in a T cell/triple-negative TNBC cell co-culture system. Moreover, the levels of IFN-γ, interleukins-2 (IL-2), interleukins-9 (IL-9), interleukins-10 (IL-10), interleukins-22 (IL-22), and interleukins-23 (IL-23) were significantly stimulated in the activated T cells, while the treatment of Rg3-CNT could reverse these phenotypes in the cells. Rg3-CNT attenuated the TNBC cell growth
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.