Trial reportJournal of clinical pharmacology2021
A Target-Mediated Drug Disposition Model to Explain Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics of the 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitor SPI-62 in Healthy Adults.
Trial report in Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Hypercortisolism Treatable? Which Patients Should Be Treated and How-A Practical Guide for Clinicians.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- PK and PK/PD Modeling of Bcl2 Inhibitor S65487 in Patients With AML and Investigation of Nonlinearity With Microdosing.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Optimization of Dosing Regimens for Plasminogen Activation Inhibitor BT-114143 Using a Small Molecule TMDD Population PK and PD Model in Healthy Subjects.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Target Abundance in Pharmacological Target-Mediated Drug Disposition (TMDD) for Small Molecules - A Proteomics Approach.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Human Adipose Tissue 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibition Without Tachyphylaxis by Clofutriben, a Pseudo-Irreversible Enzyme Inhibitor.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Pharmacological Target-Mediated Low Plasma Exposure in Lead Compound Selection in Drug Discovery - A Modeling Approach.The AAPS journal · 2024Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling: The Reversible Metabolism and Tissue-Specific Partitioning of Methylprednisolone and Methylprednisone in Rats.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2024Article
- Population Target-Mediated Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Evaluate SPI-62 Exposure and Hepatic 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (HSD-1) Inhibition in Healthy Adults.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SPI-62 is a selective and potent small-molecule inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD-1). SPI-62 has demonstrated substantial and complex nonlinear pharmacokinetics (PK) in humans that is characterized by unusually low plasma exposure at low doses, dose-dependent volume of distribution, nonlinear PK following the first dose, and dose-proportional PK at steady state, as well as unusually high accumulation ratios at low doses. The most likely explanation for the observed nonlinearity of SPI-62 is the saturable binding of SPI-62 to its pharmacological target HSD-1, a phenomenon known as target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD). Because of the nonlinear and complex PK of SPI-62, the relationship among SPI-62 dose, exposure, and response is no longer intuitive and consequently dose selection can be challenging. To facilitate dose selection and clinical trial design, in the current study population PK analysis was performed to characterize SPI-62 dose-exposure relationship in humans quantitatively. SPI-62 PK was best characterized by a 2-compartment TMDD model with 3 transit absorption compartments. The model was successfully established to explain the substantial and unusual nonlinear PK of SPI-62 in humans, and it provided adequate fitting for both single- and multiple-dose data. Our modeling work has provided a strong foundation for dose selection in future SPI-62 clinical trials.
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Registered trials
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