Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34110598›Full record

ArticleEating and weight disorders : EWD2022

Use of online and paper-and-pencil questionnaires to assess the distribution of orthorexia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia and eating disorders among university students: can different approaches lead to different results?

Ilaria Silvia Rossella Gorrasi, Cinzia Ferraris, Raffaella Degan, Giovanni Abbate Daga, Simona Bo, Anna Tagliabue, Monica Guglielmetti, Mattia Roppolo, Giorgio Gilli, Daniela Acquadro Maran and 1 more

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Article in Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ilaria Silvia Rossella GorrasiDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5bis, 10126, Turin, Italy. ilaria.gorrasi@unito.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9747-9956
Cinzia FerrarisDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
Raffaella DeganDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Giovanni Abbate DagaDepartment of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Simona BoDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Anna TagliabueDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
Monica GuglielmettiDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
Mattia RoppoloDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Giorgio GilliDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Daniela Acquadro MaranDepartment of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Elisabetta CarraroDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAdministration of questionnaires to assess the diffusion of disordered eating behaviours via the web is becoming common today. The aim of this study is to assess whether two different approaches of administering a test to assess traits of eating disorders (EDs), orthorexia nervosa (ON) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) by email recruitment and online completion (web-based survey-WBS) and by in person recruitment and paper-and-pencil completion (paper-based survey-PBS), gives different results.

methodsDuring 2 consecutive academic years, a self-reported questionnaire consisting of questions about personal characteristics and three tests for the evaluation of ON (ORTO-15), MD (MDDI-ITA), and EDs (EAT-26) were administered to two groups of undergraduates, respectively, as a WBS and a PBS.

resultsThe WBS response rate was 6.7% (N = 137), and the PBS response rate was 86.5% (N = 372). The WBS group showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of students with eating disordered behaviours (21.2% vs 5.4%) and registered a higher mean score on the EAT-26 test (13.5 ± 11.1 vs 6.0 ± 8.0); no differences between the two groups emerged for ON and MD prevalence and test scores. Moreover, in the WBS group, the number of students with one or more tests with test scores above the cut-off values was significantly higher (46.0% vs 32.3%).

conclusionThe choice of the approach to administer a questionnaire to assess the diffusion of EDs and related issues must take into account all the factors that can result in selection bias and that can affect the reliability of the results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Indexed as

Feeding and Eating DisordersOrthorexia NervosaCross-Sectional StudiesHealth BehaviorHumansMusclesReproducibility of ResultsStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesEating disordersMuscle dysmorphiaOrthorexia nervosaPaper and pencil surveyQuestionnaireWeb-based survey

Identifiers

PMID34110598
PMCPMC8190766

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.