Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34109554›Full record

ArticleNeurocritical care2021

Pain Trajectories Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage are Associated with Continued Opioid Use at Outpatient Follow-up.

Matthew N Jaffa, Ruchira M Jha, Jonathan Elmer, Adam Kardon, Jamie E Podell, Benjamin E Zusman, Madeleine C Smith, J Marc Simard, Gunjan Y Parikh, Michael J Armahizer and 2 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurocritical care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Headache Management in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit.Current pain and headache reports · 2024
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Matthew N JaffaDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ruchira M JhaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Jonathan ElmerDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Adam KardonDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jamie E PodellDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Benjamin E ZusmanDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Madeleine C SmithDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Marc SimardDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Gunjan Y ParikhDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Michael J ArmahizerDepartment of Pharmacy Services, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Neeraj BadjatiaDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nicholas A MorrisDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. nicholas.morris@som.umaryland.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1270-9805
University of Maryland, Baltimore · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by the worst headache of life and associated with long-term opioid use. Discrete pain trajectories predict chronic opioid use following other etiologies of acute pain, but it is unknown whether they exist following SAH. If discrete pain trajectories following SAH exist, it is uncertain whether they predict long-term opioid use. We sought to characterize pain trajectories after SAH and determine whether they are associated with persistent opioid use.

methodsWe reviewed pain scores from patients admitted to a single tertiary care center for SAH from November 2015 to September 2019. Group-based trajectory modeling identified discrete pain trajectories during hospitalization. We compared outcomes across trajectory groups using χ

resultsWe identified five discrete pain trajectories among 305 patients. Group 1 remained pain free. Group 2 reported low scores with intermittent spikes and slight increase over time. Group 3 noted increasing pain severity through day 7 with mild improvement until day 14. Group 4 experienced maximum pain with steady decrement over time. Group 5 reported moderate pain with subtle improvement. In multivariable analysis, trajectory groups 3 (odds ratio [OR] 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-8.3) and 5 (OR 8.0; 95% CI 3.1-21.1), history of depression (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.3-10.0) and racial/ethnic minority (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.1) were associated with continued opioid use at follow-up (median 62 days following admission, interquartile range 48-96).

conclusionsDiscrete pain trajectories following SAH exist. Recognition of pain trajectories may help identify those at risk for long-term opioid use.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidSubarachnoid HemorrhageEthnicityFollow-Up StudiesHumansMinority GroupsOutpatientsPainAnalgesics, OpioidChronic opioid useHeadachePain trajectorySubarachnoid hemorrhage

Identifiers

PMID34109554
PMCPMC8189709
OpenAlexW3166205179

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.