ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022
Factors Associated with Incarceration in Older Adults Experiencing Homelessness: Results from the HOPE HOME Study.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stigma and reintegration: does age influence the perceptions of older people on parole?Health & justice · 2026Article
- Structural Racism and Black-White Disparities in Homelessness in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- "They made me feel like I mattered": a qualitative study of how mobile crisis teams can support people experiencing homelessness.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Selected Resource Insecurities and Abstinence Self-Efficacy Among Urban and Rural Incarcerated Women with Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2024Article
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Incarceration: The Impact on Sexual Risk-Taking, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Depression Among Black Sexual Minority Men in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061.Psychology of men & masculinity · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Serious Mental Illness and Criminal Offending in Persons Experiencing Homelessness: The Role of Substance Use Disorder.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2023Article
- Personal Health Libraries for People Returning From Incarceration: Protocol for a Qualitative Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Community Supervision, Housing Insecurity, & Homelessness.The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the US, the median age of adults experiencing homelessness and incarceration is increasing. Little is known about risk factors for incarceration among older adults experiencing homelessness. To develop targeted interventions, there is a need to understand their risk factors for incarceration.
objectiveTo examine the prevalence and risk factors associated with incarceration in a cohort of older adults experiencing homelessness.
designProspective, longitudinal cohort study with interviews every 6 months for a median of 5.8 years.
participantsWe recruited adults ≥50 years old and homeless at baseline (n=433) via population-based sampling. MAIN MEASURES: Our dependent variable was incident incarceration, defined as one night in jail or prison per 6-month follow-up period after study enrollment. Independent variables included socioeconomic status, social, health, housing, and prior criminal justice involvement. KEY
resultsParticipants had a median age of 58 years and were predominantly men (75%) and Black (80%). Seventy percent had at least one chronic medical condition, 12% reported heavy drinking, and 38% endorsed moderate-severe use of cocaine, 8% of amphetamines, and 7% of opioids. At baseline, 84% reported a lifetime history of jail stays; 37% reported prior prison stays. During follow-up, 23% spent time in jail or prison. In multivariable models, factors associated with a higher risk of incarceration included the following: having 6 or more confidants (HR=2.13, 95% CI=1.2-3.7, p=0.007), remaining homeless (HR=1.72, 95% CI=1.1-2.8, p=0.02), heavy drinking (HR=2.05, 95% CI=1.4-3.0, p<0.001), moderate-severe amphetamine use (HR=1.89, 95% CI=1.2-3.0, p=0.006), and being on probation (HR=3.61, 95% CI=2.4-5.4, p<0.001) or parole (HR=3.02, 95% CI=1.5-5.9, p=0.001).
conclusionsOlder adults experiencing homelessness have a high risk of incarceration. There is a need for targeted interventions addressing substance use, homelessness, and reforming parole and probation in order to abate the high ongoing risk of incarceration among older adults experiencing homelessness.
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Registered trials
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