ArticleMedicina clinica (English ed.)2021
Reduced retinal vessel density in COVID-19 patients and elevated D-dimer levels during the acute phase of the infection.
Article in Medicina clinica (English ed.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal microvascular impairment in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19-Related Retinal Micro-vasculopathy - A Review of Current Evidence.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Redox Regulation of Microvascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Insights into Therapeutic Strategies and Limitations.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2025Review
- Retinal and peripapillary vessel density increase in recovered COVID-19 children by optical coherence tomography angiography.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2021Article
- Predicting respiratory failure in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 by admission sex-specific biomarkers.Biology of sex differences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo describe macular vessel density and perfusion in COVID-19 patients using coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to investigate whether there is a correlation between retinal vascular abnormalities and clinical and laboratory parameters.
methodsCross-sectional analysis conducted at the Hospital Clinico San Carlos in Madrid, Spain. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 that were attended in the Emergency Department (ED) from March 23 to March 29, 2020 were included. Fundus examination and OCTA were performed 4 weeks after being attended in ED. Macular OCTA parameters were analyzed and correlated with clinical (severity and hypoxemia- oxygen saturation < 92%) and laboratory parameters during hospital stay (D-Dimer-DD, lactate dehydrogenase-LDH and C-reactive protein-CRP).
results80 patients were included, mean age 55(SD9) years old; 46.3% male. We reported macular vessel density and perfusion measurements in COVID-19 patients. Those patients with D-Dimer ≥ 500 ng/ml during SARS-CoV-2 infection had a decrease of central vessel density (mean difference 2.2; 95%CI 0.4-3.9) and perfusion density (mean difference 4.9; 95%CI 0.9-8.9) after the acute phase of COVID-19. These variations of vessel density and perfusion density were not documented in patients with LDH ≥ 500 U/L, CRP ≥ 10 mg/L and hypoxemia.
conclusionsCOVID-19 patients showed short-term retinal vasculature abnormalities which may be related to a prothrombotic state associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since the retinal microvasculature shares many morphological and physiological properties with the vasculature of other vital organs, further research is needed to establish whether patients with increased D-Dimer levels require more careful assessment and follow-up after COVID-19.
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