Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34109255›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021

Universal Polymerase Chain Reaction and Antibody Testing Demonstrate Little to No Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in a Rural Community.

Ayesha Appa, Saki Takahashi, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Gabriel Chamie, Aenor Sawyer, Elias Duarte, Jill Hakim, Keirstinne Turcios, Joanna Vinden, Owen Janson and 10 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ayesha AppaUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4602-5954
Saki TakahashiUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5413-5507
Isabel Rodriguez-BarraquerUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gabriel ChamieUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5860-8081
Aenor SawyerUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Elias DuarteUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jill HakimUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Keirstinne TurciosUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Joanna VindenUniversity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Owen JansonUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Aashish ManglikUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Michael J PelusoUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Steven G DeeksUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Timothy J HenrichUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Leonel TorresUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Mary RodgersAbbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA.
John HackettAbbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA.
Charles ChiuUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Diane HavlirUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Bryan GreenhouseUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USAbbott Fund · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

BIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES TRAINING PROGRAMT32AI007641 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MATTHEW G DORSEY · 2000 to 2026
$6.9M
Training in HIV Translational ResearchT32AI060530 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Diane V Havlir · 2005 to 2026
$6.4M
Mentoring translational scientists in international infectious disease researchK24AI144048 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Bryan R Greenhouse · 2019 to 2026
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI144048NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007641NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI060530
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLimited systematic surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the early months of the US epidemic curtailed accurate appraisal of transmission intensity. Our objective was to perform case detection of an entire rural community to quantify SARS-CoV-2 transmission using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody testing.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the rural town of Bolinas, California (population 1620), 4 weeks after shelter-in-place orders. Participants were tested between April 20 and 24, 2020. Prevalence by PCR and seroprevalence from 2 forms of antibody testing were performed in parallel (Abbott ARCHITECT immunoglobulin [Ig]G and in-house IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

resultsOf 1891 participants, 1312 were confirmed Bolinas residents (>80% community ascertainment). Zero participants were PCR positive. Assuming 80% sensitivity, it would have been unlikely to observe these results (

conclusionsFour weeks after shelter-in-place, SARS-CoV-2 infection in a rural Northern California community was extremely rare. In this low-prevalence setting, use of 2 antibody tests increased seroprevalence estimate precision. This was one of the first community-wide studies to successfully implement synchronous PCR and antibody testing, particularly in a rural setting. Widespread testing remains an underpinning of effective disease control in conjunction with consistent uptake of public health measures.

Indexed as

COVID-19rural populationseroepidemiologic studiessevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Identifiers

PMID34109255
PMCPMC7665736
OpenAlexW3118361514

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.