ArticleFrontiers in public health2021
Features of Cytokine Storm Identified by Distinguishing Clinical Manifestations in COVID-19.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in COVID-19 convalescent donors.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- COVID-19 and female reproductive health: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical reproductive outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Severe Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? New Challenges in Diagnosis and Management.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Viral Infection to Malignancy: The Dual Threat of EBV and COVID-19 in Cancer Development.Viruses · 2025Review
- Diverse roles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins in EndMT stimulation through the TGF-β-MRTF axis inhibited by aspirin.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Review
- Elevated CD39+T-Regulatory Cells and Reduced Levels of Adenosine Indicate a Role for Tolerogenic Signals in the Progression from Moderate to Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- MicroRNAs Derived from Extracellular Vesicles: Keys to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in Cancer Patients?Cancers · 2023Review
- Murine Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lethality Is Characterized by Lymphoid Depletion Associated with Suppressed Antigen-Presenting Cell Functionality.The American journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Galectin-3 as an important prognostic marker for COVID-19 severity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Zymosan Particle-Induced Hemodynamic, Cytokine and Blood Cell Changes in Pigs: An Innate Immune Stimulation Model with Relevance to Cytokine Storm Syndrome and Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of interferons in the antiviral battle: from virus-host crosstalk to prophylactic and therapeutic potential in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Integrated analysis of multi-omics data reveals T cell exhaustion in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cytokines and microRNAs in SARS-CoV-2: What do we know?Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Review
- Gal-3BP in Viral Infections: An Emerging Role in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- COVID-19 and the role of cytokines in this disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Review
- Article
- Immune Response Is Key to Genetic Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Psychiatric Disorders Based on Differential Gene Expression Pattern Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Targeting caveolae to pump bispecific antibody to TGF-β into diseased lungs enables ultra-low dose therapeutic efficacy.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is currently spreading all over the world. In this paper, we developed a practical model for identifying the features of cytokine storm, which is common in acute infectious diseases and harmful manifestation of COVID-19, by distinguishing major and minor clinical events. This model is particularly suitable for identifying febrile and infectious diseases like COVID-19. Based on this model, features of cytokine storm and pathogenesis of COVID-19 have been proposed to be a consequence of the disequilibrated cytokine network resulting from increased biological activity of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which induces certain clinical manifestations such as fatigue, fever, dry cough, pneumonia, abatement and losing of olfactory, and taste senses in some patients. Research and clarification of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 will contribute to precision treatment. Various anti-TGF-β therapies may be explored as potential COVID-19 treatment. This novel model will be helpful in reducing the widespread mortality of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.