ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Studies on the Supplementation of Manufactured Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal obesity alters human milk oligosaccharides content and correlates with early acquisition of late colonizers in the neonatal gut microbiome.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Shaping of the Infant Gut Microbiome by Milk Oligosaccharides.Annual review of biochemistry · 2026Review
- Automated, targeted, NMR spectral profiling of human breast milk.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Development of gut microbiota composition in captive Asian elephants: a year-long analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Expanding the Toolbox for Inducible Protein Expression With Automation-enabled Generation of Glycomimetics.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Human milk oligosaccharides promote synaptogenesis and neurite outgrowth in human cortical organoids.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- "Microbial and immune modulation by 2'-fucosyllactose supplementation during gestation: a strategy to prevent food allergies".Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Protective Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (hMOs) on Analgesic, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)-Induced Disruption of Gut Barrier Integrity in Cocultures Mimicking Neuro-Gut Epithelial Cell Crosstalk.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Exclusive human milk diet is associated with lower risk of motor function impairment at three years of corrected age.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Human milk oligosaccharide secretion dynamics during breastfeeding and its antimicrobial role: A systematic review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- 2'-Fucosyllactose Modulates the Intestinal Immune Response to Gut Microbiota and Buffers Experimental Colitis in Mice: An Integrating Investigation of Colonic Proteomics and Gut Microbiota Analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Fucopentaose III Conjugated to Dextran Inhibits HIV Replication in Primary Human Macrophages.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Quantifying Bioactive Compounds in Human Breastmilk.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Cellular respiration and amino acid metabolism is altered by dietary oligosaccharides inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides.BBA advances · 2025Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Decoding Their Structural Variability, Health Benefits, and the Evolution of Infant Nutrition.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Infant Microbiota Communities and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Supplementation Independently and Synergistically Shape Metabolite Production and Immune Responses in Healthy Mice.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the third most important component of breastmilk after lipids and lactose. Several experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of these components on the microbiota, the immune system and epithelial barriers, which are three major biological systems. Indeed, HMOs induce bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract, which is beneficial for health. The gut bacteria can act directly and indirectly on the immune system by stimulating innate immunity and controlling inflammatory reactions and by inducing an adaptive immune response and a tolerogenic environment. In parallel, HMOs directly strengthen the intestinal epithelial barrier, protecting the host against pathogens. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HMOs in these different compartments and highlight their potential use as new therapeutic agents, especially in allergy prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.