ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2021
Origins and Evolution of the Primate Hepatitis B Virus.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping hepatitis B virus genotypes on the African continent from 1997 to 2021: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- The Phylodynamic Threshold of Measurably Evolving Populations.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Displaced minds: ecologies of depression.Biomedical journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Divergent evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma genomes in chimpanzees and humans.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B virus integration and hepatocarcinogenesis.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Metagenomic analysis uncovers novel hepadnaviruses and nackednaviruses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Screening great ape museum specimens for DNA viruses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Structural basis for hepatitis B virus restriction by a viral receptor homologue.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Toward a better understanding of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- HPV, HBV, and HIV-1 Viral Integration Site Mapping: A Streamlined Workflow from NGS to Genomic Insights of Carcinogenesis.Viruses · 2024Article
- Concealed for a Long Time on the Marches of Empires: Hepatitis B Virus Genotype I.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes E to J: The Overlooked Genotypes.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- A novel subgenotype I3 of hepatitis B virus in Guangxi, China: a 15-year follow-up study.Virus genes · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D: An Overview of Molecular Epidemiology, Evolutionary History, and Clinical Characteristics.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Tracing the evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype H endemic to Mexico.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- A review of Gabonese gorillas and their pathogens: Diversity, transfer and One Health approach to avoid future outbreaks?Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Review
- Current Best Practice in Hepatitis B Management and Understanding Long-term Prospects for Cure.Gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Viruses in sanctuary chimpanzees across Africa.American journal of primatology · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent interest in the origins and subsequent evolution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has strengthened with the discovery of ancient HBV sequences in fossilized remains of humans dating back to the Neolithic period around 7,000 years ago. Metagenomic analysis identified a number of African non-human primate HBV sequences in the oldest samples collected, indicating that human HBV may have at some stage, evolved in Africa following zoonotic transmissions from higher primates. Ancestral genotype A and D isolates were also discovered from the Bronze Age, not in Africa but rather Eurasia, implying a more complex evolutionary and migratory history for HBV than previously recognized. Most full-length ancient HBV sequences exhibited features of inter genotypic recombination, confirming the importance of recombination and the mutation rate of the error-prone viral replicase as drivers for successful HBV evolution. A model for the origin and evolution of HBV is proposed, which includes multiple cross-species transmissions and favors subsequent recombination events that result in a pathogen and can successfully transmit and cause persistent infection in the primate host.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.