ArticleGene therapy2023
Adjuvant properties of IFN-γ and GM-CSF in the scFv6.C4 DNA vaccine against CEA-expressing tumors.
Article in Gene therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rpf-Toxo: A Preliminary Computationally Designed Dense Granule Antigen-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Toxoplasma gondii.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- IFN-γ and TLR agonist co-adjuvants enhance the efficacy of a lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle-based oxycodone vaccine.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Non-Targeting shRNA-Encoded Plasmid DNA Enhances Protective Immunity Through RIDD-RIG-I Signaling Pathway in the Zika Virus Animal Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Colorectal Cancer Vaccines: Emerging Modalities and Translational Opportunities.Vaccines · 2025Review
- DNA-based immunotherapy for cancer: In vivo approaches for recalcitrant targets.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Cancer vaccines: platforms and current progress.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Advanced Technologies for Cancer Immunotherapy: Focus on Gastrointestinal Cancers.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Discovery of novel vaccine candidates based on the immunogenic epitopes derived fromClinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- A comprehensive comparison of DNA and RNA vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- CEA vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Engineering and design of promising T-cell-based multi-epitope vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Efficiency of Interferon-γ in Activating Dendritic Cells and Its Potential Synergy with Toll-like Receptor Agonists.Viruses · 2023Article
- Advances in Infectious Disease Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Colorectal cancer vaccines: The current scenario and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a natural target for vaccines against colorectal cancers. Our previous experience with a DNA vaccine with scFv6.C4, a CEA surrogate, showed a CEA-specific immune response with 40% of tumor-free mice after challenge with B16F10-CEA and 47% with MC38-CEA cells. These percentages increased to 63% after using FrC as an adjuvant. To further enhance the vaccine efficacy, we tested GM-CSF and IFNγ as adjuvants. C57BL/6J-CEA2682 mice were immunized 4 times with uP-PS/scFv6.C4, uP-PS/scFv6.C4 + uP-IFNγ, or uP-PS/scFv6.C4 + uP-GMCSF. After one week, the mice were challenged with MC38-CEA, and tumor growth was monitored over 100 days. Immunization with scFv6.C4 and scFv6.C4 + GM-CSF resulted in a gradual increase in the anti-CEA antibody titer, while scFv6.C4 + IFNγ immunization led to a rapid and sustained increase in the titer. The addition of IFNγ also induced higher CD4 + and CD8 + responses. When challenged, almost 80% of the scFv6.C4 + IFNγ-vaccinated mice did not develop tumors, while the others had a significant tumor growth delay. The probability of being tumor-free was 2700% higher using scFv6.C4 + IFNγ than scFv6.C4. The addition of GM-CSF had no additional effect on tumor protection. DNA immunization with scFv6.C4 + IFNγ, but not GM-CSF, increased the antitumor effect via readily sustained specific humoral and cytotoxic responses to CEA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.