Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34108627›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2021

A pair of effectors encoded on a conditionally dispensable chromosome of Fusarium oxysporum suppress host-specific immunity.

Yu Ayukawa, Shuta Asai, Pamela Gan, Ayako Tsushima, Yasunori Ichihashi, Arisa Shibata, Ken Komatsu, Petra M Houterman, Martijn Rep, Ken Shirasu and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
9.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Transcriptomic Differences Between TwoJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Virulence ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Fusarium Genome Sequencing and Assembly.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  17. Fungal effectors: past, present, and future.Current opinion in microbiology · 2024
    Review
  18. The Ubiquitous Wilt-Inducing PathogenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Pathogenicity Differentiation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Yu Ayukawa *Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3123-6406
Shuta Asai *Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. shuta.asai@riken.jp.ORCID 0000-0003-1898-1786
Pamela GanCenter for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Ayako TsushimaCenter for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6816-3004
Yasunori IchihashiCenter for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Arisa ShibataCenter for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Ken KomatsuLaboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
Petra M HoutermanMolecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Martijn RepMolecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3608-6283
Ken ShirasuCenter for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-0349-3870
Tsutomu ArieLaboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan. arie@cc.tuat.ac.jp.ORCID 0000-0002-4604-6608
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science · JPNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience · NLTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology · JPJapan Science and Technology Agency · JPJohn Innes Centre · GBRIKEN BioResource Research Center · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many plant pathogenic fungi contain conditionally dispensable (CD) chromosomes that are associated with virulence, but not growth in vitro. Virulence-associated CD chromosomes carry genes encoding effectors and/or host-specific toxin biosynthesis enzymes that may contribute to determining host specificity. Fusarium oxysporum causes devastating diseases of more than 100 plant species. Among a large number of host-specific forms, F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Focn) can infect Brassicaceae plants including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cabbage. Here we show that Focn has multiple CD chromosomes. We identified specific CD chromosomes that are required for virulence on Arabidopsis, cabbage, or both, and describe a pair of effectors encoded on one of the CD chromosomes that is required for suppression of Arabidopsis-specific phytoalexin-based immunity. The effector pair is highly conserved in F. oxysporum isolates capable of infecting Arabidopsis, but not of other plants. This study provides insight into how host specificity of F. oxysporum may be determined by a pair of effector genes on a transmissible CD chromosome.

Indexed as

ArabidopsisBrassicaceaeChromosomes, FungalFusariumGenome, FungalHost-Pathogen InteractionsPlant Diseases

Identifiers

PMID34108627
PMCPMC8190069
OpenAlexW3171247721

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.