ReviewAnnals of laboratory medicine2021
Application of Single-Domain Antibodies ("Nanobodies") to Laboratory Diagnosis.
Review in Annals of laboratory medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances on Sensors and Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 Biomarkers.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Rational Design and Characterization of a Mutated Nanobody for Specific Targeting of Heparan Sulfate.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bioinformatics-Driven Design of Fusion Recombinant Protein (EgFABP1-EgTeg) for Enhanced Immunodiagnosis of Hydatid Cysts.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Workflow for Comparative Analysis of Nanobody Variants Binding to Lysozyme as a Model Ligand.Current protocols · 2026Article
- The evolution of next-generation lateral flow assays for bacterial and fungal diagnostics.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- EngineeredFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Nano-engineered biomimetic materials: toward point-of-care diagnosis of infectious diseases.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Review
- Beyond amyloid: nanobody-mediated neuroinflammatory therapy for Alzheimer's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- NanoDeNovo: De Novo Design of Anti-Poliovirus I Sabin Strain Nanobodies by Semi-Automated Computational Pipeline.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nanobodies: a new frontier in influenza virus neutralization.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Validation and Optimization of PURE Ribosome Display for Screening Synthetic Nanobody Libraries.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Design of nanobody targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein using CDR-grafting assisted by molecular simulation and machine learning.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Nanobody engineering: computational modelling and design for biomedical and therapeutic applications.FEBS open bio · 2025Review
- Expression Analysis of Heavy-Chain-Only Antibodies in Cloudy Catshark and Japanese Bullhead Shark.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Nanobodies against African swine fever virus p72 and CD2v proteins as reagents for developing two cELISAs to detect viral antibodies.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Nanobodies in the fight against infectious diseases: repurposing nature's tiny weapons.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Review
- Camel-Derived Nanobodies as Potent Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 Enzyme.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- Isolation and Characterization of Targeting-HBsAg VNAR Single Domain Antibodies from Whitespotted Bamboo Sharks (Marine drugs · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibodies have proven to be central in the development of diagnostic methods over decades, moving from polyclonal antibodies to the milestone development of monoclonal antibodies. Although monoclonal antibodies play a valuable role in diagnosis, their production is technically demanding and can be expensive. The large size of monoclonal antibodies (150 kDa) makes their re-engineering using recombinant methods a challenge. Single-domain antibodies, such as "nanobodies," are a relatively new class of diagnostic probes that originated serendipitously during the assay of camel serum. The immune system of the camelid family (camels, llamas, and alpacas) has evolved uniquely to produce heavy-chain antibodies that contain a single monomeric variable antibody domain in a smaller functional unit of 12-15 kDa. Interestingly, the same biological phenomenon is observed in sharks. Since a single-domain antibody molecule is smaller than a conventional mammalian antibody, recombinant engineering and protein expression
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.