Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34108281›Full record

ReviewAnnals of laboratory medicine2021

Biomarkers for Prognosis and Treatment Response in COVID-19 Patients.

Giulia Bivona, Luisa Agnello, Marcello Ciaccio

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of laboratory medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Serological reactivity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on an S-RBD neutralizing antibody assay.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022
    Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Utility of Protein Markers in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. CCL18, CHI3L1, ANG2, IL-6 systemic levels are associated with the extent of lung damage and radiomic features in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024
    Article

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Giulia BivonaInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1723-3305
Luisa AgnelloInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-0421
Marcello CiaccioInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-9041

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During a severe infection such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the level of almost all analytes can change, presenting a correlation with disease severity and survival; however, a biomarker cannot be translated into clinical practice for treatment guidance until it is proven to have a significant impact. Several studies have documented the association between COVID-19 severity and circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6, and the accuracy of the CRP level in predicting treatment responses has been evaluated. Moreover, promising findings on prothrombin and D-dimer have been reported. However, the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers in COVID-19 is far from proven. The burst of data generation during this pandemic has led to the publication of numerous studies with several notable drawbacks, weakening the strength of their findings. We provide an overview of the key findings of studies on biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment response in COVID-19 patients. We also highlight the main drawbacks of these studies that have limited the clinical use of these biomarkers.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCOVID-19C-Reactive ProteinFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation ProductsHumansInterleukin-6MicroRNAsPrognosisSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Productsfibrin fragment DInterleukin-6MicroRNAsBiomarkersCoronavirusCOVID-19Predictive valueSeverity

Identifiers

PMID34108281
PMCPMC8203437

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.