ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine2021
1,3-Butadiene, styrene and lymphohaematopoietic cancers among North American synthetic rubber polymer workers: exposure-response analyses.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between butadiene exposure and leukemia mortality in synthetic rubber industry workers.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2026Article
- Associations of volatile organic compounds with cancer: A cross-sectional analysis of single and mixture exposures.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Urinary metabolites of 1,3-butadiene, benzene and toluene and colorectal cancer incidence: a clinical case-control study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Access to Interpretable Data to Support Disproportionate Health Risks from Industrial Releases: A Case Study on the Environmental Protection Agency's Datasets and Their Application to the Latinx Communities of Houston, Texas.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Evaluating exposure-response relationship in 1,3-butadiene and leukemia studies.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2024Review
- Article
- 1,3-Butadiene: a ubiquitous environmental mutagen and its associations with diseases.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate exposure-response between 1,3-butadiene, styrene and lymphohaematopoietic cancers in an updated cohort of workers at six North American plants that made synthetic rubber polymers.
methodsEmployees were followed from 1943 through 2009 to determine mortality outcomes. Cox regression analyses estimated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs by quartile of cumulative exposure to butadiene or styrene, measured in parts per million-years (ppm-years), and exposure-response trends for all leukaemia, lymphoid leukaemia, myeloid leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma and all B-cell malignancies.
resultsAmong 21 087 workers, adjusted RRs for butadiene and all leukaemia (132 deaths) rose with increasing exposure, with an RR of 2.53 (95% CI 1.37 to 4.67) in the highest exposure quartile (≥363.64 ppm-years), and the exposure-response trend was statistically significant for all leukaemia (p=0.014) and for lymphoid leukaemia (52 deaths, p=0.007). Styrene exposure-response trends for all leukaemia and lymphoid leukaemia were less consistent than those for butadiene. Cumulative exposures to butadiene and styrene were not associated consistently with myeloid leukaemias or the B-cell malignancies, NHL and multiple myeloma.
conclusionsWe confirmed a positive exposure-response relationship between butadiene and all leukaemia among workers, most of whom had coexposure to styrene. Results supported an association between butadiene and lymphoid leukaemia, but not myeloid leukaemia, and provided little evidence of any association of butadiene or styrene exposures with major subtypes of B-cell malignancies other than lymphoid leukaemia, including NHL and multiple myeloma.
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