ArticleBMJ open2021
Mental health disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey from three major hospitals in Kenya.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Anxiety and stress among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Post-traumatic stress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychiatry research · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- The experiences of doctors in Lesotho during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Study on fatigue, sleep quality and PTSD symptoms and influencing factors among prevention and control workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The psychosocial impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on frontline staff providing sexual health and family planning services in Kenya: a mixed-methods study.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers from sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.BJPsych open · 2025Review
- Telemedicine as an Approach to the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Angola.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder among healthcare professionals in Mbarara city, southwestern Uganda: the relationship with professional quality of life and resilience.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants maintaining healthcare personnel's motivation during COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study on the mental health of healthcare workers treating COVID-19 positive patients in Gauteng, South Africa.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Assessing the psychological wellbeing and resilience of frontline health workers in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The burden of insomnia among public health sector nurses in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Providers' Mental Health: Experiences at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Depression and its associated factors among health care workers in Saint Paul's hospital millennium medical college, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Surviving Covid-19 Diagnosis Among Registered Nurses: Reactions, Consequences, and Coping Mechanisms.Safety and health at work · 2023Article
- Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on front-line healthcare workers in Sierra Leone: an explorative qualitative study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Perceptions of Global Health Engagements in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health Care Workers and Administrators in Western Kenya: Protocol for a Multistage Qualitative Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional study to assess depression among healthcare workers in Lusaka, Zambia during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMJ open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 is an international global health emergency and has posed a great challenge to mental well-being and resilience. Little is known about the mental health impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) in sub-Saharan Africa or other low-resource settings.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study between August and November 2020 among HCWs recruited from three major hospitals in Kenya. The survey questionnaire consisted of six components: demographic and work title characteristics; information regarding care of patients with COVID-19; and symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, distress and burnout, measured using standardised questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health disorders.
resultsA total of 433 (65.2% response rate) individuals participated in the survey. Median age was 32.75 years, 58.4% were females and 68.8% were front-line workers. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, distress and burnout were reported in 53.6%, 44.3%, 41.1%, 31.0% and 45.8% of all participants, respectively. Front-line HCWs, females and doctors were at higher risk of mental health symptoms. Nearly half of participants reported inadequate resources or training to care for patients with COVID-19, and those in the government hospital were more likely to report mental health symptoms.
conclusionsThis is among the first studies examining mental health outcomes among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. Similar to other studies from around the world, HCWs directly involved with patients with COVID-19 reported higher rates of mental health symptoms. Mitigating strategies specific to Kenyan HCWs are urgently needed to help them cope with mental health symptoms during the pandemic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.