ArticleBMJ open2021
Snoring and environmental exposure: results from the Swedish GA2LEN study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants and relationships of climate change, climate change hazards, mental health, and well-being: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Environmental exposures at home and in the workplace in relation to inhaled corticosteroid medication - the population-based REGAL study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Health Sciences Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Snoring: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Associations between respiratory health, reported traffic, and occupational-related exposure.European clinical respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Effect of indoor air quality on potential risk of obstructive sleep apnea: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Associations between abnormal sleep behavior and indoor environmental risk factors among children with a chronic cough in Wuxi, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Does seasonality affect snoring? A study based on international data from the past decade.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Article
- The influence of obstructive sleep apnea on self-perceived dental aesthetics and need for orthodontic treatment among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.Journal of orthodontic science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHabitual snoring is associated with fatigue, headaches and low work performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate if snoring is affected by environmental factors such as home dampness and exposure to air pollution.
settingGeneral population sample from four Swedish cities.
participants25 848 participants from the Swedish part of the epidemiological Global Asthma and Allergy and European network of excellence study carried out in 2008. The participants completed a postal questionnaire on snoring and, indoor and outdoor environmental exposure as well as potential confounders including smoking, weight, height and educational level.
resultsOf the participants, 4211 (16.3%) were habitual snorers. Habitual snorers reported water damage (8.3% vs 7.0% p<0.0001), floor dampness (4.6% vs 3.8% % p<0.0001) and visible mould (5.2% vs 3.8% p<0.0001) in their homes more often than non-snorers. Habitual snorers stated being annoyed by air pollution more often than non-snorers with habitual snorers reporting being irritated with the air in their residential area to a higher extent (sometimes 16.2% vs 13.9%, and daily 4.6% vs 3.1%) as well as annoyance from traffic fumes (somewhat 19% vs 18.5% and very 5% vs 3.6%) (p<0.0001). These results remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking history and educational level.
conclusionSnoring is more prevalent in subjects reporting home dampness and air pollution. These association should be confirmed in further research using objective measurements and a longitudinal approach.
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