ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021
Increased risk factors associated with lower BMD in antiretroviral-therapy-naïve HIV-infected adult male.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone Mineral Density Changes in People with HIV Who had Immediate Switch Versus Deferred Switch from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Regimens to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Related Factors in Romanian HIV-Positive Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Evaluation of bone mineral density and its influencing factors in patients infected with HIV under antiretroviral therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bone loss in young adults with HIV following antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimen using machine learning.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Osteopenia/Osteoporosis in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV Patients.Current HIV research · 2024Article
- Article
- The evaluation of risk factors related to reduced bone mineral density in young people living with HIV.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Bone Deleterious Effects of Different NRTIs in Treatment-naïve HIV Patients After 12 and 48 Weeks of Treatment.Current HIV researchArticle
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLow BMD (bone mineral density) has been described as a non-AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)-related event in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-patients but it is poorly studied in young HIV-infected men who have received no previous antiretroviral therapy.
methodsA cross-sectional study of 245 naïve-HIV-infected men over 21 and under 50 years old who voluntary attended the Infectious Disease Division appointment in Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz in Madrid, from January 1st, 2014 to September 30th, 2017. All subjects underwent a baseline DXA scan (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) performed prior to start antiretroviral treatment. Further, all patients who started treatment between May 1st and September 30th, 2017 were invited to participate in a substudy on bone mineral metabolism. All the information was collected through clinical history and complementary questionnaire.
resultsThe mean age was 36.4 years, been 68% Caucasian, 29.3% Latin American and 2.7% African race. At the time of diagnosis, 91% of patients had stage-A (median CD4+ T-cell 481cells/μL, IQR, 320-659). 10% had a count below 200 CD4 cells/μL, and 40% had a CD4/CD8 cell-count-ratio below 0.4. Regarding lifestyle and risk factors, 14.1% presented underweight, 36.1% were not engage in any regular exercise, 51.9% were active smokers and 35.3% reported drug use. Low levels of vitamin D were seen in 87.6% of the study participants. Low BMD (Z-score <- 2.0) was found in 22.8% of the patients. It was only observed a significant association of Z-score in lumbar spine (LS) with CD8 and the CD4/CD8 ratio, and with alcohol for femoral neck (FN) measurement.
conclusionsWe find prevalence of increased bone involvement among naïve HIV-infected men under 50 years old. Further studies are necessary to evaluate if changes in actual guidelines are needed to assess BMD measurements in HIV-infected adult male patients under 50.
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