ArticleArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2021
Resilience of the Internal Mammary Artery to Atherogenesis: Shifting From Risk to Resistance to Address Unmet Needs.
Article in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Free Versus In situ Right Internal Mammary Artery as a Conduit in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The junctional protein associated with coronary artery disease predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes at high residual risk.European heart journal · 2026Observational
- Territorial heterogeneity of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Segmental Plaque Heterogeneity in a Composite Right Internal Thoracic Artery-Radial Artery Graft as Visualized by NIRS-IVUS.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Beyond CABG vs. PCI: Contemporary and Future Coronary Revascularisation from Historical Evolution to Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Hybrid Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal analysis of psychometric properties of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire among patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in Serbia.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Histological Analysis of Arterial and Venous Grafts Used in Coronary Bypass for Patients With Renal Insufficiency: A Prospective Multicentre Observational Study.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2025Observational
- Vascular (dys)function in the failing heart.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Why Are Internal Mammary (Thoracic) Arteries Less Prone to Developing Atherosclerosis Compared to Coronary Arteries? Do Gut Microbiota Play a Role? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of Cytokines (or Activating Factors) on Arterial Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- An interplay of non-coding RNAs regulatesResearch square · 2025Article
- Sirtuin-1 directly binds and deacetylates hepatic PCSK9 thereby promoting the inhibition of LDL receptor degradation.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Spontaneous Recanalized Thrombus in the Left Internal Mammary Artery.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Inflammation-Driven Plaque Erosion in Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Complement System Pathways.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Plasma proteins are integral to gene-regulatory networks acting within and across blood cells, the arterial wall and major metabolic organs.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Saphenous vein graft and nitric oxide: strategies to prevent graft failure and enhance patency in coronary artery bypass grafting.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Senescence and Inflamm-Aging Are Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Men But Not Women With Atherosclerosis.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2024Article
- Hemodynamics and Wall Mechanics of Vascular Graft Failure.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Review
- Strategies for arterial graft optimization at the single-cell level.Nature cardiovascular research · 2024Article
- Coronary Artery Surgery: Past, Present, and Future.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Fueled by the global surge in aging, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease reached pandemic dimensions putting affected individuals at enhanced risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and premature death. Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease driven by a wide spectrum of factors, including cholesterol, pressure, and disturbed flow. Although all arterial beds encounter a similar atherogenic milieu, the development of atheromatous lesions occurs discontinuously across the vascular system. Indeed, the internal mammary artery possesses unique biological properties that confer protection to intimal growth and atherosclerotic plaque formation, thus making it a conduit of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. Its endothelium abundantly expresses nitric oxide synthase and shows accentuated nitric oxide release, while its vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit reduced tissue factor expression, high tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) production and blunted migration and proliferation, which may collectively mitigate intimal thickening and ultimately the evolution of atheromatous plaques. We aim here to provide insights into the anatomy, physiology, cellular, and molecular aspects of the internal mammary artery thereby elucidating its remarkable resistance to atherogenesis. We propose a change in perspective from risk to resilience to decipher mechanisms of atheroresistance and eventually identification of novel therapeutic targets presently not addressed by currently available remedies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.