ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2021
Trends in Diabetes Treatment and Control in U.S. Adults, 1999-2018.
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07394075 (Translating Continuous Glucose Monitoring), which is not on this map. Cited by 374 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Translating Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Data Into Action to Improve Management of Insulin-Treated T2D in Primary Care
Who cites it
374 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 662 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of insulin regimens for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing on Glycemic Control Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.Worldviews on evidence-based nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of telehealth-delivered family and standard models of diabetes self-management education and support for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of cAMP signalling-biased GLP-1 analogue ecnoglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (EECOH-1): a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus dapagliflozin as an add-on to metformin and alogliptin combination therapy: the EPIDOTE study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes and Hypercortisolism: Improved Glycemia With Mifepristone Treatment.Diabetes care · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone added to metformin and sitagliptin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 52-week, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- DASH4D diet for glycemic control and glucose variability in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Influence of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation on Effectiveness of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Trial
- De-intensification of basal-bolus therapy by replacing prandial insulin with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in individuals with well-controlled type 2 diabetes: A single-centre, open-label randomised trial (TRANSITION-T2D).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Comparative Effects of Randomized Second-line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes on a Composite Outcome Incorporating Glycemic Control, Body Weight, and Hypoglycemia: An Analysis of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).Diabetes care · 2024 · on this mapTrial
- Cardiometabolic health of low- and higher-income adults in the United States, 2009-2023.American heart journal · 2026Article
- Sex, Racial/Ethnic, and Regional Disparities in Mortality Involving Both Cardiac Arrest and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2020.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Physician-patient sex dyads and management of dyslipidaemia and hypertension in primary care: findings from two population-based studies.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2026Observational
- Multidomain Cardiorenal-Metabolic Abnormalities Despite HbA1c <7% in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Observational Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in the response to the metabolic environment drives fosfomycin heteroresistance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Temporal Trends and Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Congestive Heart Failure Mortality in the United States From 1999-2020: A CDC WONDER Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Risk and Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Diabetes at Federally Qualified Health Centers: Baseline Findings from the Office-GAP IMPACT (Office-Guidelines Applied to Practice Improving Diabetic Patients' Adherence to Treatment and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease) Program.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Treatment of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among U.S. Adults With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Hypercortisolism: Causes, Consequences and Clinical Significance - A Review of Pathophysiology.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
314 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDocumenting current trends in diabetes treatment and risk-factor control may inform public health policy and planning.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from adults with diabetes in the United States participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess national trends in diabetes treatment and risk-factor control from 1999 through 2018.
resultsDiabetes control improved from 1999 to the early 2010s among the participants but subsequently stalled and declined. Between the 2007-2010 period and the 2015-2018 period, the percentage of adult NHANES participants with diabetes in whom glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin level, <7%) was achieved declined from 57.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.9 to 61.8) to 50.5% (95% CI, 45.8 to 55.3). After major improvements in lipid control (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, <130 mg per deciliter) in the early 2000s, minimal improvement was seen from 2007-2010 (52.3%; 95% CI, 49.2 to 55.3) to 2015-2018 (55.7%; 95% CI, 50.8 to 60.5). From 2011-2014 to 2015-2018, the percentage of participants in whom blood-pressure control (<140/90 mm Hg) was achieved decreased from 74.2% (95% CI, 70.7 to 77.4) to 70.4% (95% CI, 66.7 to 73.8). The percentage of participants in whom all three targets were simultaneously achieved plateaued after 2010 and was 22.2% (95% CI, 17.9 to 27.3) in 2015-2018. The percentages of participants who used any glucose-lowering medication or any blood-pressure-lowering medication were unchanged after 2010, and the percentage who used statins plateaued after 2014. After 2010, the use of combination therapy declined in participants with uncontrolled blood pressure and plateaued for those with poor glycemic control.
conclusionsAfter more than a decade of progress from 1999 to the early 2010s, glycemic and blood-pressure control declined in adult NHANES participants with diabetes, while lipid control leveled off. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.).
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