Observational studyMedicine2021
Salt intake causes B-type natriuretic peptide elevation independently of blood pressure elevation in the general population without hypertension and heart disease.
Observational study in Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in natriuretic peptide response in self-identified white and black individuals: a physiological clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Determinants of High Salt Intake in Croatian Adults: Evidence from 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion in the EH-UH 2 Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Impact of Modern Industrialized Dietary Sodium Intake on the Plasma Proteome.American journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism Is Characterized by Maladaptive Natriuretic Peptide and Adrenal Hormonal Physiology.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Observational
- Predicting cardiac and renal responses to sacubitril/valsartan with a mathematical model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Association between urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and BNP in a general population without antihypertensive treatment and cardiovascular diseases: the Ohasama study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Dietary Sodium Reduction Is Best for Reducing Blood Pressure: Controversies in Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Impact of medical checkup parameters on major adverse cardiovascular events in the general Japanese population.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Positive relationships between annual changes in salt intake and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in the general population without hypertension and heart diseases.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
abstractExcessive salt intake causes hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized and released from the ventricle, and is a surrogate marker reflecting various CVDs. Moreover, when a slight BNP elevation is shown, it leads to a poor prognosis in the general population. However, the relationship between salt intake and BNP levels in the general population remains unclear, especially in those without hypertension and heart diseases.In this study, we recruited 1404 participants without hypertension and electrocardiogram abnormalities, who received regular annual health check-ups in Japan. Plasma BNP levels were measured, and daily salt intake levels were evaluated using urinary samples. In addition, some clinical parameters were obtained, and the data were cross-sectionally analyzed.The median of plasma BNP levels was 10.50 pg/mL, and daily salt intake was 8.50 ± 1.85 g. When dividing participants into quartiles according to daily salt intake, those with the highest daily salt intake revealed the highest plasma BNP levels. Plasma BNP levels were significantly and positively associated with daily salt intake. Moreover, multiple linear regression analyses revealed that plasma BNP levels showed a significant positive association with daily salt intake levels after adjustments.Plasma BNP levels were significantly and positively associated with daily salt intake after adjustment in the general population. Plasma BNP levels may be a surrogate marker reflecting salt-induced heart diseases.
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