ArticleMedicine2021
Prominent PD-L1-positive M2 macrophage infiltration in gastric cancer with hyper-progression after anti-PD-1 therapy: A case report.
Article in Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperprogressive disease in carcinoma induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- The Black Hole of Immune Checkpoint Blocking Therapy for Gastric Cancer: Hyperprogressive Disease.Cancer science · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle-Mediated CXCL12-CXCR4 Inhibition Reprograms Macrophages and Suppresses Gastric Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Lymphoproliferative Disorder in an Esophageal Cancer Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Roles of the tumor microenvironment in the resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors in patients with gastric cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Thrombocytopenia and hyperprogression after radiotherapy and camrelizumab treatment in an esophageal cancer patient with increasedFrontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Encouraging probiotics for the prevention and treatment of immune-related adverse events in novel immunotherapies against malignant glioma.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2022Article
- Development of Acute Adult T-cell Leukemia Following PD-1 Blockade Therapy for Lung Cancer.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Key Players in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- Hyperprogressive Disease After Combined Anti-PD-L1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Immunotherapy for MSI-H/dMMR Gastric Cancer: A Case Report.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAnti-PD-1 antibody is the standard therapy for treatment-resistant gastric cancer, but only a limited number of patients respond. Additionally, cases of hyper-progressive disease (HPD) in which tumor growth accelerates after anti-PD-1 antibody administration have been reported; however, the biological mechanism has not been elucidated. PATIENT CONCERNS: In the present case, metastatic gastric cancer was treated with the anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, as third-line treatment. DIAGNOSIS: After the initiation of nivolumab therapy, a rapidly enlarging para-aortic lymph nodes were observed leading to the diagnosis of HPD.
interventionsMultiplex immunohistochemistry was used to examine immune cells infiltrating in the primary tumor and in liver metastasis which were obtained before nivolumab treatment, and in lymph node metastasis which presented with HPD after nivolumab therapy. OUTCOMES: In the primary tumor, helper T (Th) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and PD-L1-negative macrophages were observed. On the other hand, in metastatic lymph nodes presenting with HPD, PD-L1-positive macrophages prominently increased, while Treg cells, CTLs, and Th cells decreased. PD-L1 expression was not observed in gastric cancer cells among the three specimens. LESSONS: The findings suggest the possibility that PD-L1-positive M2 macrophage might contribute to acceleration of tumor growth with anti-PD-1 therapy in the present case.
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