ReviewNeuroscience insights2021
Is There a Brain Microbiome?
Review in Neuroscience insights, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial coated intracortical probes reduce invading microbe abundance and subsequent neuroinflammation.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Underexplored maternal microbiomes: immune, metabolic, and microbial pathways shaping pregnancy outcomes.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: early detection, microbial metabolites, mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Human Cancers Derived from Either Genetic or Lifestyle Factors Are Initiated by Impaired Estrogen Signaling.Cancers · 2025Review
- Bacteria in the brain: do they have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease?Current opinion in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Bioinformatic approaches to blood and tissue microbiome analyses: challenges and perspectives.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Review
- Bacteria invade the brain following intracortical microelectrode implantation, inducing gut-brain axis disruption and contributing to reduced microelectrode performance.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Flipons, Infections, and Amyloids that Foreshadow the Fading Memories of Alzheimer's Disease.Neuroscience insights · 2025Review
- The cerebrospinal fluid virome in people with HIV: links to neuroinflammation and cognition.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Detection of fungal sequences in human brain: rDNA locus amplification and deep sequencing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- A brain microbiome in salmonids at homeostasis.Science advances · 2024Article
- Intratumoral Microbiome in Head and Neck Paragangliomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Novel Insights into Psychosis and Antipsychotic Interventions: From Managing Symptoms to Improving Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Placental TLR recognition of salivary and subgingival microbiota is associated with pregnancy complications.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Bacteria Invade the Brain Following Sterile Intracortical Microelectrode Implantation.Research square · 2024Article
- The human microbiome and cancer: a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective.Cancer biology & therapy · 2023Review
- Neurological disorders after severe pneumonia are associated with translocation of endogenous bacteria from the lung to the brain.Science advances · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified microbial sequences or epitopes in pathological and non-pathological human brain samples. It has not been resolved if these observations are artifactual, or truly represent population of the brain by microbes. Given the tempting speculation that resident microbes could play a role in the many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases that currently lack clear etiologies, there is a strong motivation to determine the "ground truth" of microbial existence in living brains. Here I argue that the evidence for the presence of microbes in diseased brains is quite strong, but a compelling demonstration of resident microbes in the healthy human brain remains to be done. Dedicated animal models studies may be required to determine if there is indeed a "brain microbiome."
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.