ArticleNeuroscience insights2021
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness.
Article in Neuroscience insights, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive impairment with traumatic brain injury in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (ta-VNS) for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Sex differences in neurobehavior and the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche: influence of traumatic brain injury and CLIP antagonism.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Traumatic brain injury exacerbates alcohol consumption and neuroinflammation with decline in cognition and cholinergic activity.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy: a single-center prospective real-world study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Permethrin exposure primes neuroinflammatory stress response to drive depression-like behavior through microglial activation in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Traumatic brain injury alters the effects of class II invariant peptide (CLIP) antagonism on chronic meningeal CLIP + B cells, neuropathology, and neurobehavioral impairment in 5xFAD mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Stress-induced vagal activity influences anxiety-relevant prefrontal and amygdala neuronal oscillations in male mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exposing the latent phenotype of Gulf War Illness: examination of the mechanistic mediators of cognitive dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Pathophysiological basis and promise of experimental therapies for Gulf War Illness, a chronic neuropsychiatric syndrome in veterans.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Neuroimmunomodulation of vagus nerve stimulation and the therapeutic implications.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Sepsis-Induced Brain Dysfunction: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gulf war illness (GWI), is a chronic multi-symptom illness that has impacted approximately one-third of the veterans who served in the 1990 to 1991 Gulf War. GWI symptoms include cognitive impairments (eg, memory and concentration problems), headaches, migraines, fatigue, gastrointestinal and respiratory issues, as well as emotional deficits. The exposure to neurological chemicals such as the anti-nerve gas drug, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and the insecticide permethrin (PER), may contribute to the etiologically related factors of GWI. Various studies utilizing mouse models of GWI have reported the interplay of these chemical agents in increasing neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Astrocytes are involved in the secretion of neuroinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in pathological conditions and have been implicated in GWI symptomology. We hypothesized that exposure to PB and PER causes lasting changes to hippocampal astrocytes, concurrent with chronic cognitive deficits that can be reversed by cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). GWI was induced in CD1 mice by injecting the mixture of PER (200 mg/kg) and PB (2 mg/kg), i.p. for 10 consecutive days. VNS stimulators were implanted at 33 weeks after GWI induction. The results show age-related cognitive alterations at approximately 9 months after exposure to PB and PER. The results also showed an increased number of GFAP-labeled astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus that was ameliorated by VNS.
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