Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34104865›Full record

ArticleJNCI cancer spectrum2021

Breast Cancer-Related Employment Disruption and Financial Hardship in the Sister Study.

Clare Meernik, Dale P Sandler, Lucy A Peipins, M Elizabeth Hodgson, Victoria S Blinder, Stephanie B Wheeler, Hazel B Nichols

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JNCI cancer spectrum, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Post-treatment adaptation experiences of women breast cancer survivors: a qualitative study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
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  13. Quality of Treatment Selection for Medicare Beneficiaries With Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Clare MeernikDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8564-1266
Dale P SandlerEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6776-0018
Lucy A PeipinsEpidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2409-3638
M Elizabeth HodgsonSocial and Scientific Systems, Inc, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2089-2689
Victoria S BlinderDepartment of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Stephanie B WheelerDepartment of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Hazel B NicholsDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0972-1560

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI SELWYN M VICKERS · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors For Breast Cancer: The Sister StudyZIAES044005 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SANDLER, DALE P · 2009 to 2025
$22.7M
The Breast Cancer and the Workforce Communication App: A randomized controlled trial of an English/Spanish intervention to promote long-term job retentionR37CA214785 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI BLINDER, VICTORIA S · 2018 to 2024
$4.3M
Cancer Control Education ProgramT32CA057726 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Melissa B Gilkey, Melissa A. Troester · 2017 to 2026
$3.7M
Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: The Sister StudyZ01ES044005 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SANDLER, DALE P · 1999 to 2008
$1.3M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 ES044005NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R37 CA214785NCI NIH HHS T32 CA057726
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: More than one-half of breast cancer cases are diagnosed among women aged younger than 62 years, which may result in employment challenges. This study examined whether cancer-related employment disruption was associated with increased financial hardship in a national US study of women with breast cancer. Methods: Women with breast cancer who were enrolled in the Sister or Two Sister Studies completed a survivorship survey in 2012. Employment disruption was defined as stopping work completely or working fewer hours after diagnosis. Financial hardship was defined as: 1) experiencing financial problems paying for cancer care, 2) borrowing money or incurring debt, or 3) filing for bankruptcy because of cancer. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between employment disruption and financial hardship were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: We analyzed data from women employed at diagnosis (n = 1628). Women were a median age of 48 years at diagnosis and 5.6 years from diagnosis at survey completion. Overall, 27.3% of women reported employment disruption (15.4% stopped working; 11.9% reduced hours), and 21.0% experienced financial hardship (16.0% had difficulty paying for care; 12.6% borrowed money or incurred debt; 1.8% filed for bankruptcy). In adjusted analysis, employment disruption was associated with nearly twice the prevalence of financial hardship (prevalence ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval = 1.58 to 2.35). Conclusions: Women experiencing employment disruptions after breast cancer may be more vulnerable to financial hardship. Findings highlight the need to target risk factors for employment disruption, facilitate return to work or ongoing employment, and mitigate financial consequences after cancer.

Indexed as

EmploymentAdultAgedBankruptcyBreast NeoplasmsEducational StatusFemaleFinancial StressHealth ExpendituresHumansIncomeMiddle AgedPoisson DistributionPrevalenceSurveys and QuestionnairesSurvivorship

Identifiers

PMID34104865
PMCPMC8178802

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.