ArticlePain reports
Dissociative and analgesic properties of ketamine are independent and unaltered by sevoflurane general anesthesia.
Article in Pain reports. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ketamine-induced analgesia and dissociation show distinct behavioral and neural correlates.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionKetamine, an anesthetic adjunct, is routinely administered as part of a balanced general anesthetic technique. We recently showed that the acute analgesic and dissociation properties of ketamine are separable to suggest that distinct neural circuits underlie these states.
objectiveWe aimed to study whether this finding is robust to the substantial neural circuit alterations associated with general anesthesia.
methodsWe conducted a single-site, open-label, randomized controlled, cross-over study of sevoflurane and sevoflurane-plus-ketamine (SK) general anesthesia in healthy subjects (n = 12). Before and after general anesthesia, we assessed precalibrated cuff pain intensity and nociceptive pain quality as well as dissociation using the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). For statistical inference, we ran a variation of backward elimination repeated-measures analysis of covariance. Models with CADSS as a covariate term were used to assess whether dissociation mediated the effect of ketamine on pain intensity and quality.
resultsSevoflurane-plus-ketamine general anesthesia was associated with a significant (
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the analgesic and dissociation properties of ketamine remain separable despite general anesthesia. Thus, ketamine may be used as a probe to advance our knowledge of dissociation independent pain circuits.
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