ArticleOncoimmunology2021
Soluble immune checkpoints and T-cell subsets in blood as biomarkers for resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma patients.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soluble PD-L1 as a Prognostic Factor for Immunotherapy Treatment in Solid Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating immune cell profiling in advanced cervical and endometrial cancer patients treated with PD-1 blockade, radiotherapy, and immune modulation in the PRIMMO trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Modulation of blood T cell polyfunctionality and HVEM/BTLA expression are critical determinants of clinical outcome in anti-PD1-treated metastatic melanoma patients.Oncoimmunology · 2024Trial
- Soluble Immune Checkpoints as Prognostic Biomarkers in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-L1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Circulating proteins as biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Soluble CTLA-4 as a context-dependent immune checkpoint: biology, biomarker potential, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The immune checkpoint LAG-3 is expressed by melanoma cells and correlates with clinical progression of the melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Lymphodepletion, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and high versus low dose IL-2 followed by pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 predict survival in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.iScience · 2025Article
- Expansion of a circulating Ki67-positive effector T-cell population following combined PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade for melanoma is predictive of treatment response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Blood-based biomarkers in soft tissue sarcoma: Implications for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.International journal of cancer · 2025Review
- Molecular and Genetic Markers for Malignant Melanoma: Implications for Prognosis and Therapy.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) as a biomarker of durable response and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Prognostic Biomarkers in Evolving Melanoma Immunotherapy.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- Developing a risk score using liquid biopsy biomarkers for selecting Immunotherapy responders and stratifying disease progression risk in metastatic melanoma patients.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Cytokine profiling identifies circulating IL-2, IL23 and sPD-L1 as prognostic biomarkers for treatment outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing anti-PD1 therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Immune System Function: Exploring Novel Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Persistently Elevated Expression of Systemic, Soluble Co-Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecules in People Living with HIV before and One Year after Antiretroviral Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Observational
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma Patients with In-Transit Metastases and Its Impacts on Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- CD137Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Different mechanisms lead to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance. Identifying clinically useful biomarkers might improve drug selection and patients' therapy. We analyzed the soluble immune checkpoints sPD1, sPDL1, sLAG3, and sTIM3 using ELISA and their expression on circulating T cells using FACS in pre- and on-treatment blood samples of ICI treated melanoma patients. In addition, pre-treatment melanoma metastases were stained for TIM3 and LAG3 expression by IHC. Results were correlated with treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS). Resistance to anti-PD1 treatment (n = 48) was associated with high pre-treatment serum levels of sLAG3 (DCR:
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.