ReviewCanadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC
Community pharmacist prescribing of antimicrobials: A systematic review from an antimicrobial stewardship perspective.
Review in Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Involving community pharmacists in interprofessional collaboration in primary care: a systematic review.BMC primary care · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Patient Outcomes in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Point-of-care testing in community pharmacies to improve antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory infections: a scoping review of effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Identifying and measuring important outcomes for evaluating the impact of pharmacist prescribing in Ireland: A modified Delphi study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Urinary tract infection screening and referral service from community pharmacy.Farmaceuticos comunitarios · 2026Article
- Healthcare providers' perspectives on collaboration of care for acute cystitis in women and the role of the community pharmacy: A qualitative study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- A national pilot community pharmacy-led urinary tract infection service: clinical and patient-reported outcomes from 9077 consultations.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance among patients in rural South Africa and the implications for future policies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Community pharmacists and outpatient antimicrobial stewardship: evidence, uncertainties, and future directions.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial stewardship: coming to a community pharmacy near you? A cross-sectional study to understand the perspectives of pharmacists, prescribers and the public.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Pharmacist-Led Diagnostics: A New Frontier in Antimicrobial Stewardship.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Associated Factors for Purchasing Antibiotics Without a Prescription Among Patients in Rural South Africa: Implications for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of the community pharmacist in antibiotic use - a commentary on current status and future perspectives.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Impact of community pharmacist antibiotic prescribing for minor ailments: an interrupted time series analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Involvement of community health workers in antimicrobial stewardship interventions and programmes: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Designing Effective Protocol-Based Pharmacotherapy Management: Assessment of the Development Processes and Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care Prescription Management.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of Urinary Tract and Vaginal Infections on the Physical and Emotional Well-being of Women.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Determining a future policy focus to support antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacy: A modified Delphi study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Community-Based Pharmacists' Perspectives on Prescribing Authority for the Minor Ailments and Contraception Service in British Columbia.Innovations in pharmacy · 2024Article
- Managing common ambulatory conditions: Exploring clinical decision making performance between pharmacists and family physicians.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPharmacist prescribing authority is expanding, while antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global concern. We sought to synthesize the evidence for antimicrobial prescribing by community pharmacists to identify opportunities to advance antimicrobial stewardship in this setting.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review to characterize the existing literature on community pharmacist prescribing of systemic antimicrobials. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts for English-language articles published between 1999 and June 20, 2019, as well as hand-searched reference lists of included articles and incorporated expert suggestions.
resultsOf 3793 articles identified, 14 met inclusion criteria. Pharmacists are most often prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI), acute pharyngitis and cold sores using independent and supplementary prescribing models. This was associated with high rates of clinical improvement (4 studies), low rates of retreatment and adverse effects (3 studies) and decreased health care utilization (7 studies). Patients were highly satisfied (8 studies) and accessed care sooner or more easily (7 studies). Seven studies incorporated antimicrobial stewardship into study design, and there was overlap between study outcomes and those relevant to outpatient antimicrobial stewardship. Pharmacist intervention reduced unnecessary prescribing for acute pharyngitis (2 studies) and increased the appropriateness of prescribing for UTI (3 studies).
conclusionThere is growing evidence to support the role of community pharmacists in antimicrobial prescribing. Future research should explore additional opportunities for pharmacist antimicrobial prescribing and ways to further integrate advanced antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the community setting.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.