Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34104109›Full record

ArticleBehavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology

Aerial attack strategies of hawks hunting bats, and the adaptive benefits of swarming.

Caroline H Brighton, Lillias Zusi, Kathryn A McGowan, Morgan Kinniry, Laura N Kloepper, Graham K Taylor

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Coevolutionary attack and avoidance strategies in predators and grouping prey.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
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  8. Aerial attack strategies of hawks hunting bats, and the adaptive benefits of swarming.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Caroline H BrightonDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, OxfordUK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-7205
Lillias ZusiDepartment of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Kathryn A McGowanDepartment of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Morgan KinniryDepartment of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Laura N KloepperDepartment of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Graham K TaylorDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, OxfordUK.
University of Notre Dame · USUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

European Research Council 682501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aggregation can reduce an individual's predation risk, by decreasing predator hunting efficiency or displacing predation onto others. Here, we explore how the behaviors of predator and prey influence catch success and predation risk in Swainson's hawks

Indexed as

attack abatementButeo swainsoniconfusion effectdilution effectpredator–prey interactionswarmingTadarida brasiliensis

Identifiers

PMID34104109
PMCPMC8177810
OpenAlexW3142479149

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.