ArticlePatient preference and adherence2021
Patient Preferences for Treating "OFF" Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: A Discrete Choice Experiment.
Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Evolving Landscape of Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of apomorphine sublingual film in patients with Parkinson's disease complicated by OFF episodes: a phase 3, open-label study.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Inhaled Levodopa for the Management of OFF Episodes in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-analysis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Sublingual apomorphine for Parkinsonian tremor: a post-hoc analysis of pivotal trial data.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Clinical Use Patterns and Patient-Reported Experience with Inhaled Levodopa in Routine Practice: A Two-Center Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Inhaled Levodopa for the Management of OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Exploring Preferences and Priorities in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Discrete Choice Experiment.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Inpatient preferences among patients with multiple chronic conditions in China: A discrete choice experiment.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Insights into retention and safety/tolerability of apomorphine sublingual film in patients with Parkinson's disease and OFF episodes: post hoc analyses of a phase III, open-label study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Study on Perspectives of Parkinson's Disease Medications: Insights from Patient Focus Groups.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Clinical Use of On-Demand Therapies for Patients with Parkinson's Disease and OFF Periods.Neurology and therapy · 2023Review
- Patients' Preferences for Adjunctive Parkinson's Disease Treatments: A Discrete-Choice Experiment.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
- Preferences for Rehabilitation in Persons with a History of Stroke: A Discrete Choice Experiment.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSeveral on-demand treatments are available for management of "OFF" episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated patients' preferences for features of theoretical on-demand treatment options.
methodsIn a discrete choice experiment, US adults with self-reported PD of ≥5 years, or <5 years with "OFF" episodes, taking oral carbidopa/levodopa, selected between pairs of theoretical on-demand treatments that varied by mode of administration (with and without mode-specific adverse events [AEs]), time to FULL "ON," duration of "ON," and out-of-pocket cost for a 30-day supply. Data were analyzed with a random parameters logit model; results were used to calculate relative importance of treatment attributes, preference shares, and willingness to pay.
resultsAmong 300 respondents, 98% had "OFF" episodes. Across the range of attribute levels included in the survey, avoiding $90 cost was most important to respondents, followed by a preferable mode of administration with associated AEs and decreasing time to FULL "ON." Duration of "ON" was relatively less important. On average, respondents preferred a theoretical dissolvable sublingual film versus other theoretical treatments with alternative modes of administration. Respondents were willing to pay $28-$52 US dollars to switch from least- to more-preferred mode of administration with associated AEs, $58 to reach FULL "ON" in 15 versus 60 min, and $9 to increase duration of FULL "ON" from 1 to 2 h.
conclusionRespondents with PD valued lower out-of-pocket cost and a sublingual mode of administration with its associated AEs when choosing an on-demand treatment for "OFF" episodes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.