ArticleScientific reports2021
Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wind conditions shape co-migration fidelity in trans-Saharan birds at a Mediterranean stopover site.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- Assessing the Corn Belt as an anthropogenic barrier to migrating landbirds in the United States.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Route flexibility is associated with headwind minimization in a long-distance migratory seabird.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Lesser kestrels of the same colony do not overwinter together.Current zoology · 2024Article
- The effects of cities on quail (Coturnix coturnix) migration: a disturbing story of population connectivity, health, and ecography.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Article
- Seasonal variation in trans-oceanic flight and island use in a migratory falcon.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
External factors such as geography and weather strongly affect bird migration influencing daily travel schedules and flight speeds. For strictly thermal-soaring migrants, weather explains most seasonal and regional differences in speed. Flight generalists, which alternate between soaring and flapping flight, are expected to be less dependent on weather, and daily travel schedules are likely to be strongly influenced by geography and internal factors such as sex. We GPS-tracked the migration of 70 lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) to estimate the relative importance of external factors (wind, geography), internal factors (sex) and season, and the extent to which they explain variation in travel speed, distance, and duration. Our results show that geography and tailwind are important factors in explaining variation in daily travel schedules and speeds. We found that wind explained most of the seasonal differences in travel speed. In both seasons, lesser kestrels sprinted across ecological barriers and frequently migrated during the day and night. Conversely, they travelled at a slower pace and mainly during the day over non-barriers. Our results highlighted that external factors far outweighed internal factors and season in explaining variation in migratory behaviour of a flight generalist, despite its ability to switch between flight modes.
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Registered trials
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