ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Temperature and population density influence SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of temperature and humidity on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal study on SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in companion animals, Chile.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Article
- Post Hoc Analysis of Anxiety and Behavioral Changes in Japanese Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationship Between Municipal Population at the Place of Residence and Anxiety.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Impact of vaccination on Omicron's escape variants: Insights from fine-scale modelling of waning immunity in Hong Kong.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Multisite community-scale monitoring of respiratory and enteric viruses in the effluent of a nursing home and in the inlet of the local wastewater treatment plant.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Differential responses of SARS-CoV-2 variants to environmental drivers during their selective sweeps.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Compound mortality impacts from extreme temperatures and the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2024Article
- COVID-19 transmission and control in land public transport: A literature review.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Does behavior mediate the effect of weather on SARS-CoV-2 transmission? Evidence from cell-phone data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Airborne transmission efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters is not influenced by environmental conditions.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Use of Population Weighted Density Index for Coronavirus Spread in the United States.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2024Article
- Environmental predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in Catalonia (northwestern Mediterranean).Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Does behavior mediate the effect of weather on SARS-CoV-2 transmission? evidence from cell-phone data.PloS one · 2024Article
- Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: lessons from the U.S. COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Assessing the importance of demographic risk factors across two waves of SARS-CoV-2 using fine-scale case data.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission in low- and middle-income countries: A time-stratified case-crossover study.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Associations between institutional-social-ecological factors and COVID -19 case-fatality: Evidence from 134 countries using multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
As COVID-19 continues to spread across the world, it is increasingly important to understand the factors that influence its transmission. Seasonal variation driven by responses to changing environment has been shown to affect the transmission intensity of several coronaviruses. However, the impact of the environment on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains largely unknown, and thus seasonal variation remains a source of uncertainty in forecasts of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here we address this issue by assessing the association of temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and population density with estimates of transmission rate (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.