ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2021
Clinical and Morphologic Characteristics of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Retinopathy.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Somatic Driver to Molecular Therapy in Retinal, Choroidal and Periocular Vascular Disease: Mosaicism, Targetable Pathways and Ocular Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Genetics and current research models of Mendelian tumor predisposition syndromes with ocular involvement.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Mitogen-Activated Pathway Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Retinopathy: Do Features Differ with Upstream versus Downstream Inhibition?Ocular oncology and pathology · 2023Article
- Review
- Serous Retinal Detachment without Leakage on Fluorescein/Indocyanine Angiography in MEK Inhibitor-Associated Retinopathy.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate clinical and morphologic characteristics of serous retinal disturbances in patients taking extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors.
designSingle-center retrospective study of prospectively collected data.
participantsOf 61 patients receiving ERK inhibitors for treatment of metastatic cancer, this study included 40 eyes of 20 patients with evidence of retinopathy confirmed by OCT.
methodsClinical examination, fundus photography, and OCT were used to evaluate ERK inhibitor retinopathy. The morphologic features, distribution, and location of fluid foci were evaluated serially. Visual acuity (VA) and choroidal thickness measurements were compared at baseline, fluid accumulation, and resolution.
main outcome measuresCharacteristics of treatment-emergent choroid and retinal OCT abnormalities as compared with baseline OCT findings and the impact of toxicity on VA.
resultsOf 20 patients with retinopathy, most showed fluid foci that were bilateral (100%), multifocal in each eye (75%), and with at least 1 focus involving the fovea (95%). All subretinal fluid foci occurred between the interdigitation zone and an intact retinal pigment epithelium. No statistical difference was found in choroidal thickness at fluid accumulation and resolution compared with baseline. Forty-five percent of eyes showed evidence of concomitant intraretinal edema localized to the outer nuclear layer. At the time of fluid accumulation, 57.5% eyes showed a decline in VA (mainly by 1-2 lines from baseline). For all eyes with follow-up, the subretinal fluid and intraretinal edema were reversible and resolved without medical intervention, and best-corrected VA at fluid resolution was not statistically different from baseline. Concomitant intraretinal fluid was not associated with worsening of VA. No patient discontinued or decreased drug dose because of retinopathy.
conclusionsThis study showed that ERK inhibitors may cause subretinal fluid foci with unique clinical and morphologic characteristics. The observed foci were similar to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor-associated retinopathy and distinct from central serous chorioretinopathy. However, unlike with MEK inhibitors, an increased occurrence of concomitant intraretinal fluid without significant additive visual impact seems to occur with ERK inhibitors. In this series, ERK inhibitors did not cause irreversible loss of vision or serious eye damage; retinopathy was self-limited and did not require medical intervention.
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