ArticleThe ocular surface2021
Relationships between activated dendritic cells and dry eye symptoms and signs.
Article in The ocular surface, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relevance of autoantibodies to carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA6), parotid secretory protein (PSP) and salivary gland protein 1 (SP1) to dry eye disease (DED).BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Corneal Innervation Research at a Crossroads: A Tool-Driven Roadmap for the Future.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights Into UC-MSC Therapy in a BAC-Induced Dry Eye Model: TSG-6-Dependent Inhibition of the Th17/CCL20-CCR6 Chemotactic Axis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Observation of Changes in Dendritic Cells in Patients with Herpes Simplex Stromal Keratitis Using In Vivo Confocal Microscopy.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Diurnal Variation, Topographical Distribution and Day-to-Day Repeatability of Ocular Surface Epithelial Immune Cells in Individuals with Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- UCMSC-derived exosomes ameliorate dry eye disease pathogenesis by modulating neutrophils on Th17/Treg balance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- MSC-encapsulated porous microparticle eye drops for autoimmune dry eye disease treatment in NOD mice.Science advances · 2025Article
- Navigating the Dry Eye Therapeutic Puzzle: A Mechanism-Based Overview of Current Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Corneal epithelial dendritic cells associated with ocular pain in dry eye disease.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A Review of the Tear Film Biomarkers Used to Diagnose Sjogren's Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Sleep Disturbances and Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs, Systemic Conditions, and Inflammatory Markers in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study.Cornea open · 2024Article
- Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Neuropeptides in Patients with Dry Eye with and without Chronic Ocular Pain after FS-LASIK.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Confocal Microscopy Abnormalities Preceding Antibody Positivity and Manifestations of Sjogren's Syndrome.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2023Article
- Increased dendritic cell density and altered morphology in allergic conjunctivitis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Observational
- Dendritiform immune cells with reduced antigen-capture capacity persist in the cornea during the asymptomatic phase of allergic conjunctivitis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Association of Ocular Surface Immune Cells With Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Automated identification and quantification of activated dendritic cells in central cornea using artificial intelligence.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- In-vivo corneal confocal microscopy: Imaging analysis, biological insights and future directions.Communications biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine whether "activated" dendritic cells (aDCs) could serve as a biomarker of systemic immune disorders in individuals with dry eye (DE) symptoms. Secondarily, to examine the impact of a topical anti-inflammatory agent on aDC number.
methodsRetrospective analysis was conducted to identify individuals with DE symptoms who had in-vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) imaging between October 2018 and July 2020 at the Miami Veterans Hospital. aDCs were manually quantified based on morphology. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis examined relationships between aDC number and systemic immune disease status. Individuals were then grouped by aDC number (≥2 versus <2) and demographics and DE parameters were examined. Paired t-test was performed to evaluated aDC number pre-vs post-initiation of an anti-inflammatory agent.
results128 individuals were included. Their mean age was 57.1 ± 15.0 years; 71.1% were male, 53.1% self-identified as White and 24.2% as Hispanic. The mean number of aDCs in the central cornea was 1.28 ± 2.16 cells/image. The presence of ≥2 aDCs had a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 77% for the diagnosis of a systemic immune disorder. Individuals with ≥2 aDCs were more likely to self-identify as Black, have Secondary Sjögren's, and have higher nerve fiber area and fractal dimension. In 12 individuals, aDC number decreased from 2.69 ± 2.36 to 0.58 ± 0.73 cells/image after initiation of an anti-inflammatory agent, p = 0.01.
conclusionsThe presence of ≥2 aDCs in the central cornea suggests a systemic immune disorder in individuals with DE symptoms. Topical anti-inflammatory therapy can reduce the number of aDCs in the central cornea.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.