ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2021
Impact of errors in spot size and spot position in robustly optimized pencil beam scanning proton-based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) lung plans.
Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards ultra-fast treatments: large energy acceptance beam delivery systems and opportunities for proton beam therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Proton and Carbon Ion Beam Spot Size Measurement Using 5 Different Detector Types.International journal of particle therapy · 2025Article
- ESTRO-EPTN radiation dosimetry guidelines for the acquisition of proton pencil beam modelling data.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2024Review
- Initial experience and patient tolerance of proton stereotactic body radiotherapy.Journal of radiosurgery and SBRT · 2024Article
- Investigation of Spot Size Variations in Multiroom Proton Therapy Systems and Their Clinical Significance: AnJournal of medical physicsArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of the current study was threefold: (a) investigate the impact of the variations (errors) in spot sizes in robustly optimized pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton-based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) lung plans, (b) evaluate the impact of spot sizes and position errors simultaneously, and (c) assess the overall effect of spot size and position errors occurring simultaneously in conjunction with either setup or range errors.
methodsIn this retrospective study, computed tomography (CT) data set of five lung patients was selected. Treatment plans were regenerated for a total dose of 5000 cGy(RBE) in 5 fractions using a single-field optimization (SFO) technique. Monte Carlo was used for the plan optimization and final dose calculations. Nominal plans were normalized such that 99% of the clinical target volume (CTV) received the prescription dose. The analysis was divided into three groups. Group 1: The increasing and decreasing spot sizes were evaluated for ±10%, ±15%, and ±20% errors. Group 2: Errors in spot size and spot positions were evaluated simultaneously (spot size: ±10%; spot position: ±1 and ±2 mm). Group 3: Simulated plans from Group 2 were evaluated for the setup (±5 mm) and range (±3.5%) errors.
resultsGroup 1: For the spot size errors of ±10%, the average reduction in D
conclusionThe increasing spot sizes resulted in decreased target coverage and dose homogeneity. Similarly, the decreasing spot sizes led to a loss of target coverage, overdosage, and degradation of dose homogeneity. The addition of spot size and position errors to plan robustness parameters (setup and range uncertainties) increased the target coverage loss and decreased the dose homogeneity.
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