Trial reportCancer science2021
Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for melanoma refractory to immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
Trial report in Cancer science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy, safety, and characteristics of adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy in solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for melanoma refractory to immune-checkpoint inhibitors.Cancer science · 2021Trial
- Phenotypic Analysis of 26 Cultured TILs Derived From Japanese Melanoma Tissues.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- The Immune Landscape of Acral Melanoma: From Basic to Clinical.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- From Immunobiology to Clinical Application: Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- LSD1 Inhibition Induces MHC-I and Dendritic Cell Activation to Promote Antitumor Immunity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in Asia: current insights and prospects in Southeast Asia and Malaysia.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: From friend to foe.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Advancements in Melanoma Treatment: A Review of PD-1 Inhibitors, T-VEC, mRNA Vaccines, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy in an Evolving Landscape of Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Current status and perspectives of clinical trials for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Recent clinical researches and technological development in TIL therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Review
- A Review of Current and Pipeline Drugs for Treatment of Melanoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Enhanced tumor control activities of anti-mPD-L1 antibody and antigen-presenting cell-like natural killer cell in an allograft model.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Current knowledge about immunotherapy resistance for melanoma and potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Multidisciplinary approach and treatment of acral and mucosal melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Recent advances in immunotherapy and its combination therapies for advanced melanoma: a review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Efficacy of treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as adoptive cell therapy: an integrative review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Review
- Advanced Acral Melanoma Therapies: Current Status and Future Directions.Current treatment options in oncology · 2022Review
- Signal pathways of melanoma and targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in Japanese patients with melanoma who failed immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy, an open-label, single-arm, pilot study was conducted. We investigated the immunological and genetic factors of the pretreatment tumor and expanded TILs that may be associated with the clinical response. The treatment protocol comprised preparation of TIL culture, lympho-depleting non-myeloablative preconditioning with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, TIL infusion, and intravenous administration of low-dose IL-2. Three patients of clinical subtypes mucosal, superficial spreading, and acral melanoma underwent TIL-ACT. Most severe adverse events, including fever and leukopenia, were manageable with the supportive regimen specified in the protocol, suggesting that the TIL-ACT regimen is suitable for Japanese patients with melanoma. One patient showed a short-term partial response, one relatively long-stable disease, and one experienced disease progression. Whole-exome and transcriptional sequencing of isolated tumor cells and immunohistochemical analyses before TIL-ACT revealed various immunostimulatory factors, including a high tumor mutation burden and immune cell-recruiting chemokines, as well as various immunosuppressive factors including TGF-β, VEGF, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which might influence the efficacy of TIL-ACT. Our results imply mechanisms for the antitumor effect of and resistance to TIL-ACT. Further studies of immune-resistant mechanisms of TIL-ACT are warranted. This study is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN 000011431).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.