ArticleBiotechnology and bioengineering2021
Scale-up economics for cultured meat.
Article in Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial Hydrolysates as Amino Acid Source in Cell Culture Media for Cellular Agriculture.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Review
- Terminal sterilization of food-grade coatings for cellular agriculture: robustness against water quality and regulatory feasibility.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Shaping the Future Plate: Exploring the Safety Concerns of Cultivated and Conventional Meat Production.Physiological research · 2026Review
- Stem Cells for Cultured Meat: Cell Sources, Lineage Specification, and Biomaterial Scaffolds for Edible Tissue Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Improvement of the production of biomass and lipid by Papiliotrema laurentii combining flux balance analysis and central composite rotational design.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2026Article
- The next decade of alternative proteins.Nature food · 2026Article
- Nitrogen management in the optimization of microbial plastic waste upcycling.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Cultivated Meat and the Future of Food Systems: Promise, Progress, and Challenges.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Multi-Organ Approaches to Cultivated Meat Biomanufacturing: Conceptual Applications of Ruminal Fermentation and Co-Cultures.Journal of food science · 2026Review
- Design and Characterization of a 3D-Printable Membrane Aeration Module for Small-Scale Bioprocess Prototyping.Engineering in life sciences · 2026Article
- Comparing meat alternatives for a sustainable food system.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- In Vitro Fish Cell Culture: From Primary Muscle Cells to Cell-Based Meat in Cyprinidae.Biology · 2026Review
- A small molecule strategy with forskolin and p38 inhibitor for serum-free muscle stem cell expansion.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Sustainable proteins for future food systems: nutritional quality, environmental trade-offs, and consumer acceptance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Recent strategies in synthetic food production for sustainable food security: applications and challenges.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Decoding cultured meat manufacturing: a full process model to identify scale-up bottlenecks.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Bioreactor Design and Engineering for Cultivated Meat Manufacturing.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2026Review
- Bioprocess Engineering for Cultivated Meat.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2026Review
- From nature to plate: harnessing naturally abundant scaffolds for sustainable production of protein-inspired cultivated snack.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Spontaneous immortalization of bovine fibroblasts following long-term expansion offers a non-transformed cell source for cultivated beef.Nature food · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This analysis examines the potential of "cultured meat" products made from edible animal cell culture to measurably displace the global consumption of conventional meat. Recognizing that the scalability of such products must in turn depend on the scale and process intensity of animal cell production, this study draws on technoeconomic analysis perspectives in industrial fermentation and upstream biopharmaceuticals to assess the extent to which animal cell culture could be scaled like a fermentation process. Low growth rate, metabolic inefficiency, catabolite inhibition, and shear-induced cell damage will all limit practical bioreactor volume and attainable cell density. Equipment and facilities with adequate microbial contamination safeguards have high capital costs. The projected costs of suitably pure amino acids and protein growth factors are also high. The replacement of amino-acid media with plant protein hydrolysates is discussed and requires further study. Capital- and operating-cost analyses of conceptual cell-mass production facilities indicate economics that would likely preclude the affordability of their products as food. The analysis concludes that metabolic efficiency enhancements and the development of low-cost media from plant hydrolysates are both necessary but insufficient conditions for displacement of conventional meat by cultured meat.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.