ReviewCancer metastasis reviews2021
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.
Review in Cancer metastasis reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Immune Cell Roles in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Pooled it
- Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Reveals Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles by Radiologic Response in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- LSD1 Promotes Immune Exclusion and Suppresses IFN-γ-Associated Transcriptional Programs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Glutathione-depleting self-immolative nanoparticles boost cuproptosis-driven metalloimmunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-responsive biomimetic nanocarrier triggers spatiotemporal PROTAC release and ROS storm to disrupt TNBC immunosuppression via coordinated apoptosis/ferroptosis/senescence activation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- LAG3 as a potential biomarker in breast cancer: integrated tissue and peripheral blood analysis reveals clinical and pathomic insights in triple-negative disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Wnt signaling promotes inflammation and EMT-associated gene expression in mesenchymal TNBC.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Alterations in PD-L1Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Review
- Huayu Wan enhances immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer by normalizing tumor vasculature and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeted Enrichment of Engineered Bacteria on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Turns Immunologically Cold Tumors Hot.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Integrative mendelian randomization and multi-omics analysis reveal a gut microbiota-metabolite-CXCL10 axis in breast cancer.AMB Express · 2025Article
- LIMCH1 inhibits antitumor immunity by upregulating PDL1 in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Liposomal oncolytic adenovirus as a neoadjuvant therapy for triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive review of non-invasive-treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity in breast cancer.iScience · 2025Review
- Progress of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Epigenetic regulators combined with tumour immunotherapy: current status and perspectives.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Review
- CRYβB2 alters cell adhesion to promote invasion in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line.BMC research notes · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a mainstay of cancer treatment in many malignancies, though its application in breast cancer remains limited. Of the breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are characterized by immune activation and infiltration and more commonly express biomarkers associated with response to immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has shown promising activity in metastatic TNBC. In 2019, the US FDA granted accelerated approval of atezolizumab, a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, in combination with nab-paclitaxel for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic PD-L1-positive TNBC, based on the results of the phase III IMpassion130 trial. In 2020, the FDA also granted accelerated approval of pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapy for locally recurrent unresectable and metastatic PD-L1-positive TNBC, based on results of the phase III KEYNOTE-355 trial. Additional combination strategies are being explored in the treatment of metastatic TNBC, with the goal of augmenting antitumor activity. In this review, the clinical development of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic TNBC will be discussed, including clinical outcomes with monotherapy and combination therapy regimens, biomarkers that may predict for benefit, and future directions in the field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.