ArticleSurgical endoscopy2021
An eye-tracking based robotic scrub nurse: proof of concept.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Eye-Tracking Research in Human-Computer Interaction: A Science-Mapping and Content-Analysis Study.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Review
- Enhancing surgical efficiency with an automated scrub nurse robot: a focus on automatic instrument insertion.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025Article
- Subjective workload in operating room team members during robotic hernia procedures.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- The future of cataract surgery.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- HybGrip: a synergistic hybrid gripper for enhanced robotic surgical instrument grasping.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2024Article
- Collaborative robot acting as scrub nurse for cataract surgery (CRASCS).Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Article
- Robotic scrub nurse to anticipate surgical instruments based on real-time laparoscopic video analysis.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- A multimodal virtual vision platform as a next-generation vision system for a surgical robot.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2024Article
- Evolution and Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Cataract Surgery.Ophthalmology science · 2022Article
- Intraoperative gaze guidance with mixed reality.Healthcare technology lettersArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWithin surgery, assistive robotic devices (ARD) have reported improved patient outcomes. ARD can offer the surgical team a "third hand" to perform wider tasks and more degrees of motion in comparison with conventional laparoscopy. We test an eye-tracking based robotic scrub nurse (RSN) in a simulated operating room based on a novel real-time framework for theatre-wide 3D gaze localization in a mobile fashion.
methodsSurgeons performed segmental resection of pig colon and handsewn end-to-end anastomosis while wearing eye-tracking glasses (ETG) assisted by distributed RGB-D motion sensors. To select instruments, surgeons (ST) fixed their gaze on a screen, initiating the RSN to pick up and transfer the item. Comparison was made between the task with the assistance of a human scrub nurse (HSNt) versus the task with the assistance of robotic and human scrub nurse (R&HSNt). Task load (NASA-TLX), technology acceptance (Van der Laan's), metric data on performance and team communication were measured.
resultsOverall, 10 ST participated. NASA-TLX feedback for ST on HSNt vs R&HSNt usage revealed no significant difference in mental, physical or temporal demands and no change in task performance. ST reported significantly higher frustration score with R&HSNt. Van der Laan's scores showed positive usefulness and satisfaction scores in using the RSN. No significant difference in operating time was observed.
conclusionsWe report initial findings of our eye-tracking based RSN. This enables mobile, unrestricted hands-free human-robot interaction intra-operatively. Importantly, this platform is deemed non-inferior to HSNt and accepted by ST and HSN test users.
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