Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34100640›Full record

ArticlemSystems2021

Computational Model To Quantify the Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater.

Indorica Sutradhar, Carly Ching, Darash Desai, Mark Suprenant, Emma Briars, Zachary Heins, Ahmad S Khalil, Muhammad H Zaman

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in mSystems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Convergent evolution of ST2 and ST164 mediates dissemination of the blaAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2026
    Article
  2. JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026
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  6. Effects of microplastic concentration, composition, and size onApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
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  11. Review
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  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Application of CRISPR-Cas system in the diagnosis and therapy of ESKAPE infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Indorica SutradharDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Carly ChingDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Darash DesaiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Mark SuprenantDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Emma BriarsDepartment of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Zachary HeinsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ahmad S KhalilDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Muhammad H ZamanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Boston University · US

Funding

Translational Research in BiomaterialsT32EB006359 · NIBIB · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI MARK W. GRINSTAFF, Michelle H Teplensky · 2009 to 2026
$4.2M
Combatting antibiotic resistance with synthetic biology technologiesDP2AI131083 · NIAID · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI KHALIL, AHMAD SAMIR · 2016 to 2016
$2.5M
HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1DP2AI131083NIAID NIH HHS DP2 AI131083NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB006359
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although wastewater and sewage systems are known to be significant reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations and periodic outbreaks of drug-resistant infection, there is little quantitative understanding of the drivers behind resistant population growth in these settings. In order to fill this gap in quantitative understanding of the development of antibiotic-resistant infections in wastewater, we have developed a mathematical model synthesizing many known drivers of antibiotic resistance in these settings to help predict the growth of resistant populations in different environmental scenarios. A number of these drivers of drug-resistant infection outbreak, including antibiotic residue concentration, antibiotic interaction, chromosomal mutation, and horizontal gene transfer, have not previously been integrated into a single computational model. We validated the outputs of the model with quantitative studies conducted on the eVOLVER continuous culture platform. Our integrated model shows that low levels of antibiotic residues present in wastewater can lead to increased development of resistant populations and that the dominant mechanism of resistance acquisition in these populations is horizontal gene transfer rather than acquisition of chromosomal mutations. Additionally, we found that synergistic antibiotics at low concentrations lead to increased resistant population growth. These findings, consistent with recent experimental and field studies, provide new quantitative knowledge on the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacterial reservoirs, and the model developed herein can be adapted for use as a prediction tool in public health policy making, particularly in low-income settings where water sanitation issues remain widespread and disease outbreaks continue to undermine public health efforts.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistancemathematical modelingwastewater

Identifiers

PMID34100640
PMCPMC8579810
OpenAlexW3173005785

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.