ArticleJournal of analytical toxicology2021
Identification of Gamma-Butyrolactone in JUUL Liquids.
Article in Journal of analytical toxicology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A multi-year characterization of confiscated vaping products from Virginia school youth.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2024Article
- Ethyl acetate in e-liquids: Implications for breath testing.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2024Article
- Cannabinoid-based vaping products and supplement formulations reported by consumers to precipitate adverse effects.Drug testing and analysis · 2023Article
- The history, evolution, and practice of cannabis and E-cigarette industries highlight necessary public health and public safety considerations.Journal of safety research · 2023Article
- ∆8-THC, THC-O Acetates and CBD-di-O Acetate: Emerging Synthetic Cannabinoids Found in Commercially Sold Plant Material and Gummy Edibles.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2022Article
- Smartphone-based colorimetric determination of gamma-butyrolactone and gamma-hydroxybutyrate in alcoholic beverage samples.Journal of forensic sciences · 2022Article
- Repurposing of substances with lactone moiety for the treatment of γ-Hydroxybutyric acid and γ-Butyrolactone intoxication through modulating paraoxonase and PPARγ.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Regulated and Unregulated E-Cigarette Liquids.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- Survey of U.S. Residents and Their Usage of Electronic Cigarettes with Drugs Other Than Nicotine.Journal of psychoactive drugsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), a commonly used industrial solvent, is used recreationally as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and, therefore, is a United States Drug Enforcement Agency List 1 chemical of the Controlled Substances Act. GBL was identified presumptively in the liquid from JUUL Virginia Tobacco flavored pods during routine untargeted screening analysis of e-cigarette products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods for the analysis of GBL were developed for GC-MS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in the liquids and the aerosol generated from the liquid. Three flavors of JUUL pods available at the time of analysis were obtained by direct purchase from the manufacturer, purchase from a local vape shop and submission from a third party. The only liquid flavor to contain GBL was Virginia Tobacco, with an average of 0.37 mg/mL of GBL, and it was detected in the aerosol. Studies evaluating the pharmacological effects of inhaling GBL do not exist; however, a case report of chronic oral GBL ingestion indicates acute lung injury. The identification of GBL in an e-cigarette product purportedly compliant with federal regulation continues to demonstrate public health and public safety concerns.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.