ReviewArchives of virology2021
The life cycle of SPβ and related phages.
Review in Archives of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophage Activation Triggers Extracellular Synthesis of DNA in Bacterial Biofilms via Rolling Circle Replication.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Disruption of bacteriophage integration site promotes rapid diversification of multicellular traits inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Chemical inactivation of a bacterial immune system de-domesticates a temperate phage and promotes its spread.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A family of endonucleases blocks nanotube-mediated plasmid exchange.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Lysogenic control of Bacillus subtilis morphology and fitness by Spbetavirus phi3T.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Expression level of anti-phage defence systems controls a trade-off between protection range and autoimmunity.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Distinct effects of mucin on phage-host interactions in model systems of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- A phage-encoded counter-defense inhibits an NAD-degrading anti-phage defense system.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Activation of the bacterial defense-associated sirtuin system.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Urinary bacteriophage cooperation with bacterial pathogens during human urinary tract infections supports lysogenic phage therapy.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Insights into the modulation of bacterial NADase activity by phage proteins.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Meeting Report of the Second Symposium of the Belgian Society for Viruses of Microbes and Launch of the Phage Valley.Viruses · 2024Article
- Arbitrium communication controls phage lysogeny through non-lethal modulation of a host toxin-antitoxin defence system.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Characterization of a FourU RNA Thermometer in the 5' Untranslated Region of Autolysin GeneBiochemistry · 2023Article
- Structural and functional characterization of MrpR, the master repressor of the Bacillus subtilis prophage SPβ.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- A model industrial workhorse: Bacillus subtilis strain 168 and its genome after a quarter of a century.Microbial biotechnology · 2023Review
- Timing of integration into the chromosome is critical for the fitness of an integrative and conjugative element and its bacterial host.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Article
- The genome ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phages are viruses of bacteria and are the smallest and most common biological entities in the environment. They can reproduce immediately after infection or integrate as a prophage into their host genome. SPβ is a prophage of the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis 168, and it has been known for more than 50 years. It is sensitive to dsDNA damage and is induced through exposure to mitomycin C or UV radiation. When induced from the prophage, SPβ requires 90 min to produce and release about 30 virions. Genomes of sequenced related strains range between 128 and 140 kb, and particle-packed dsDNA exhibits terminal redundancy. Formed particles are of the Siphoviridae morphotype. Related isolates are known to infect other B. subtilis clade members. When infecting a new host, SPβ presumably follows a two-step strategy, adsorbing primarily to teichoic acid and secondarily to a yet unknown factor. Once in the host, SPβ-related phages pass through complex lysis-lysogeny decisions and either enter a lytic cycle or integrate as a dormant prophage. As prophages, SPβ-related phages integrate at the host chromosome's replication terminus, and frequently into the spsM or kamA gene. As a prophage, it imparts additional properties to its host via phage-encoded proteins. The most notable of these functional proteins is sublancin 168, which is used as a molecular weapon by the host and ensures prophage maintenance. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge about the biology of the phage regarding its life cycle and discuss its potential as a research object.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.