ReviewEpidemiologic reviews2022
Longitudinal Methods for Modeling Exposures in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Pregnancy.
Review in Epidemiologic reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distinct trajectories of symptomatic response in ulcerative colitis during filgotinib therapy: A post hoc analysis from the SELECTION study.United European gastroenterology journal · 2024Trial
- Current Evidence on IL-17 and IL-(12)/23 Inhibitor Safety during Pregnancy in Psoriasis: A Call for Harmonized Data Collection.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- Medication use trajectories in myasthenia gravis pregnancies: a population-based drug utilization study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: Analysis From the UK, Norway, and Sweden.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- The EUROmediCAT Network and Databases: A Resource for Pharmacovigilance in Pregnancy.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Transparent reporting of group-based trajectory modeling to study medication adherence: Practical considerations and common pitfalls.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Pharmacoepidemiology unpacked: a roadmap for junior researchers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Identifying medication use clusters with the R package tame based on dose, timing and ATC codes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Individual differences in the evolution of causal illusions.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2025Article
- Article
- Measuring the continuation of antidepressant exposure prior to, during, and after pregnancy: A scoping review protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes and Sick Leave After Discontinuing SSRI or SNRI in Pregnancy.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: Opportunities and Obstacles of Longitudinal Data in Pregnancy to Quantify Mechanisms and Understand Etiology.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Effects of prenatal exposure to (es)citalopram and maternal depression during pregnancy on DNA methylation and child neurodevelopment.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Associations between antidepressant use patterns during pregnancy and birth outcomes among periconception antidepressant users.Pharmacotherapy · 2023Article
- Timing of Antidepressant Discontinuation During Pregnancy and Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes in Denmark and Norway.JAMA psychiatry · 2023Article
- Differences in the Association Between Oral Glucocorticoids and Risk of Preterm Birth by Data Source: Reconciling the Results.Arthritis care & research · 2022Article
- Treatment of Peripartum Depression with Antidepressants and Other Psychotropic Medications: A Synthesis of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Associations Between Late-Onset Preeclampsia and the Use of Calcium-Based Antacids and Proton Pump Inhibitors During Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Article
- Antidepressant Fill and Dose Trajectories in Pregnant Women with Depression and/or Anxiety: A Norwegian Registry Linkage Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In many perinatal pharmacoepidemiologic studies, exposure to a medication is classified as "ever exposed" versus "never exposed" within each trimester or even over the entire pregnancy. This approach is often far from real-world exposure patterns, may lead to exposure misclassification, and does not to incorporate important aspects such as dosage, timing of exposure, and treatment duration. Alternative exposure modeling methods can better summarize complex, individual-level medication use trajectories or time-varying exposures from information on medication dosage, gestational timing of use, and frequency of use. We provide an overview of commonly used methods for more refined definitions of real-world exposure to medication use during pregnancy, focusing on the major strengths and limitations of the techniques, including the potential for method-specific biases. Unsupervised clustering methods, including k-means clustering, group-based trajectory models, and hierarchical cluster analysis, are of interest because they enable visual examination of medication use trajectories over time in pregnancy and complex individual-level exposures, as well as providing insight into comedication and drug-switching patterns. Analytical techniques for time-varying exposure methods, such as extended Cox models and Robins' generalized methods, are useful tools when medication exposure is not static during pregnancy. We propose that where appropriate, combining unsupervised clustering techniques with causal modeling approaches may be a powerful approach to understanding medication safety in pregnancy, and this framework can also be applied in other areas of epidemiology.
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