Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34099937›Full record

ArticleNature methods2021

Detect-seq reveals out-of-protospacer editing and target-strand editing by cytosine base editors.

Zhixin Lei, Haowei Meng, Zhicong Lv, Menghao Liu, Huanan Zhao, Hao Wu, Xiaoxue Zhang, Lulu Liu, Yuan Zhuang, Kailin Yin and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature methods, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed.

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  12. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zhixin Lei *Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-487X
Haowei Meng *State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-5060
Zhicong Lv *State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Menghao LiuPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-0146
Huanan ZhaoSchool of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-4731
Hao WuPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Xiaoxue ZhangPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Lulu LiuState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yuan ZhuangState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-2746
Kailin YinState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yongchang YanState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Chengqi YiPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. chengqi.yi@pku.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-9729

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) have the potential to correct human pathogenic point mutations. However, their genome-wide specificity remains poorly understood. Here we report Detect-seq for the evaluation of CBE specificity. It enables sensitive detection of CBE-induced off-target sites at the genome-wide level. Detect-seq leverages chemical labeling and biotin pulldown to trace the editing intermediate deoxyuridine, thereby revealing the editome of CBE. In addition to Cas9-independent and typical Cas9-dependent off-target sites, we discovered edits outside the protospacer sequence (that is, out-of-protospacer) and on the target strand (which pairs with the single-guide RNA). Such unexpected off-target edits are prevalent and can exhibit a high editing ratio, while their occurrences exhibit cell-type dependency and cannot be predicted based on the sgRNA sequence. Moreover, we found out-of-protospacer and target-strand edits nearby the on-target sites tested, challenging the general knowledge that CBEs do not induce proximal off-target mutations. Collectively, our approaches allow unbiased analysis of the CBE editome and provide a widely applicable tool for specificity evaluation of various emerging genome editing tools.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsCytosineGene EditingHumansMCF-7 CellsMutationRNAWhole Genome SequencingCytosineRNA

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.