ArticleNature immunology2021
Blockade of the co-inhibitory molecule PD-1 unleashes ILC2-dependent antitumor immunity in melanoma.
Article in Nature immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Ascites reprograms innate lymphoid immune cells in ovarian cancer by promoting ILC2 enrichment and dysfunctional NK-cell states.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Postoperative wound microenvironment regulates breast cancer stem cell fate and clinical implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Ecosystem-matched reprogramming of the tumor-immune microenvironment to overcome cancer immunotherapy resistance.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Spatial Immunology in Translation: Linking Immune Organisation to Therapeutic Outcome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Harnessing Gut Microbiota to Enhance Immunotherapy in NSCLC: From Mechanisms to Translational Applications.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Dynamic Time-Resolved Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment After Resistance to BRAF/MEK Inhibitors in Melanoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- ILC2s and their immune checkpoints in the antitumor response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Organ-Specific Migration License (OSML) theory: a novel paradigm for spatiotemporal regulation and intervention of cross-organ immune cell migration in tumor immune responses.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- IDH1 Mutant Glioma Favors Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Is Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Expression.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Mast-cell derived nerve growth factor drives ILC2 pro-tumoral functions in bladder cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The context-dependent role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in lung diseases.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Development and computational analysis of high dimensional spectral flow cytometry data for the resolution of innate lymphoid cells in the mammary tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting androgen receptor signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting Myeloid Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- Macrophages regulate PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on ILC2s and their responsiveness in the tumor microenvironment.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Myeloid ADAM17 induces ST2Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- Polio virotherapy provokes MDA5 signaling and CD4Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
37 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are essential to maintain tissue homeostasis. In cancer, ILC2s can harbor both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions, but we know little about their underlying mechanisms or whether they could be clinically relevant or targeted to improve patient outcomes. Here, we found that high ILC2 infiltration in human melanoma was associated with a good clinical prognosis. ILC2s are critical producers of the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which coordinates the recruitment and activation of eosinophils to enhance antitumor responses. Tumor-infiltrating ILC2s expressed programmed cell death protein-1, which limited their intratumoral accumulation, proliferation and antitumor effector functions. This inhibition could be overcome in vivo by combining interleukin-33-driven ILC2 activation with programmed cell death protein-1 blockade to significantly increase antitumor responses. Together, our results identified ILC2s as a critical immune cell type involved in melanoma immunity and revealed a potential synergistic approach to harness ILC2 function for antitumor immunotherapies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.