SynthesisScientific reports2021
Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Examining photoperiod, chronotype, and adherence as predictors of morning light treatment effects on depression symptoms: A study of five clinical trials.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Social and circadian rhythm dysregulation and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Melatonergic agents influence the sleep-wake and circadian rhythms in healthy and psychiatric participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Eveningness in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Associations With Sleep, Internalising Symptoms, and Alertness.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Latent brain subtypes of chronotype reveal unique behavioral and health profiles across population cohorts.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Optimal sleep timing revealed: a new perspective on reducing all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease-cause mortality in older adults.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- Eveningness and distinctness of the circadian rhythm in men are related to altered neural responses to gain and loss.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chronotype Predicts Body Mass Index via Emotion Regulation Strategy Use and Emotional Eating.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Association between eveningness and depressive symptoms in daytime workers: A cross-sectional analysis of the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study.Fujita medical journal · 2025Article
- Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Chronotype, cognitive outcomes, and neural dynamics: recent evidence and potential mechanisms with implications for perioperative period.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Review
- Sleep disturbances partly mediate the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms in adult video game players.Current issues in personality psychology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms that link circadian preference to problematic smartphone and social media use in young adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Morningness and Conscientiousness: A Meta-analysis, Online Survey and Resting fMRI Study.Journal of circadian rhythms · 2025Article
- Mindfulness mediates the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms in young adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Sleep Matters in Chronotype and Mental Health Association: Evidence from the UK and Germany.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Sleep profiles of different psychiatric traits.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sleep quality mediates the association between chronotype and mental health in young Indian adults.Npj mental health research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eveningness, a preference for later sleep and rise times, has been associated with a number of negative outcomes in terms of both physical and mental health. A large body of evidence links eveningness to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, to date, evidence quantifying this association is limited. The current meta-analysis included 43 effect sizes from a total 27,996 participants. Using a random-effects model it was demonstrated that eveningness is associated with a small effect size (Fisher's Z = - 2.4, 95% CI [- 0.27. - 0.21], p < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed, with meta-regression analyses demonstrating a significant effect of mean age on the association between diurnal preference and depression. There was also evidence of potential publication bias as assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's test. The association between diurnal preference and depression is small in magnitude and heterogenous. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings linking diurnal preference to depression and suitably powered prospective studies that allow causal inference are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.