Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34099641›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Leveraging supervised learning for functionally informed fine-mapping of cis-eQTLs identifies an additional 20,913 putative causal eQTLs.

Qingbo S Wang, David R Kelley, Jacob Ulirsch, Masahiro Kanai, Shuvom Sadhuka, Ran Cui, Carlos Albors, Nathan Cheng, Yukinori Okada, Biobank Japan Project and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Distinguishing causal from tagging enhancers using single-cell multiome data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  16. Integrating extensive functional annotations and multiomics of cattle enhances climate resilience prediction and mapping.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Qingbo S WangBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. qingbow@broadinstitute.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-5830
David R KelleyCalico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-3548
Jacob UlirschBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0827
Masahiro KanaiBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-4408
Shuvom SadhukaBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ran CuiBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Carlos AlborsBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nathan ChengBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Yukinori OkadaDepartment of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0311-8472
Biobank Japan Project
Francois AguetBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-300X
Kristin G ArdlieBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Daniel G MacArthurCentre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-2290
Hilary K FinucaneBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. finucane@broadinstitute.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-9828

Funding

Identifying disease-relevant cell types by integrating genetic and functional genomics dataDP5OD024582 · OD · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI FINUCANE, HILARY · 2017 to 2021
$2.2M
Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853NIH HHS DP5 OD024582
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The large majority of variants identified by GWAS are non-coding, motivating detailed characterization of the function of non-coding variants. Experimental methods to assess variants' effect on gene expressions in native chromatin context via direct perturbation are low-throughput. Existing high-throughput computational predictors thus have lacked large gold standard sets of regulatory variants for training and validation. Here, we leverage a set of 14,807 putative causal eQTLs in humans obtained through statistical fine-mapping, and we use 6121 features to directly train a predictor of whether a variant modifies nearby gene expression. We call the resulting prediction the expression modifier score (EMS). We validate EMS by comparing its ability to prioritize functional variants with other major scores. We then use EMS as a prior for statistical fine-mapping of eQTLs to identify an additional 20,913 putatively causal eQTLs, and we incorporate EMS into co-localization analysis to identify 310 additional candidate genes across UK Biobank phenotypes.

Indexed as

Quantitative Trait LociSupervised Machine LearningAdultChromosome MappingCohort StudiesComputational BiologyDatasets as TopicGene Expression ProfilingHumansPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Identifiers

PMID34099641
PMCPMC8184741

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.