ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Authority endorsements backfire and social norms fail to increase vaccination intent in post-COVID Kazakhstan.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- What leads to vaccine compliance? Evidence from healthcare workers.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of the role of healthcare beliefs on childhood vaccination uptake among parents in Malaysia and Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The protective power of dissent? A longitudinal study on cognitive and socio-emotional determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among young people in Canada.Transcultural psychiatry · 2024Article
- Using smartphones to study vaccination decisions in the wild.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Do COVID-19 Vaccination Policies Backfire? The Effects of Mandates, Vaccination Passports, and Financial Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Review
- Article
- Acceptance of influenza vaccination and associated factors among teachers in China: A cross-sectional study based on health belief model.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Updated beliefs and shaken confidence: evidence from vaccine hesitancy caused by experiencing "COVID arm".BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Social influence makes outlier opinions in online reviews offer more helpful information.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effective incentives for increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Determinants of people's motivations to approach COVID-19 vaccination centers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Beyond collective intelligence: Collective adaptation.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Review
- Cooperation without punishment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination worldwide: WORLDCOV, a retrospective observational study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Observational
- Influences of COVID-19 vaccination policy on students' vaccine acceptance.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2023Article
- The institutional origins of vaccines distrust: Evidence from former-Soviet countries.PloS one · 2023Article
- No-vaxxers are different in public good games.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Economic Considerations in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal: A Survey of the Literature.The Economic record · 2022Article
- Trust in Institutions, Not in Political Leaders, Determines Compliance in COVID-19 Prevention Measures within Societies across the Globe.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
What is an effective vaccination policy to end the COVID-19 pandemic? We address this question in a model of the dynamics of policy effectiveness drawing upon the results of a large panel survey implemented in Germany during the first and second waves of the pandemic. We observe increased opposition to vaccinations were they to be legally required. In contrast, for voluntary vaccinations, there was higher and undiminished support. We find that public distrust undermines vaccine acceptance, and is associated with a belief that the vaccine is ineffective and, if enforced, compromises individual freedom. We model how the willingness to be vaccinated may vary over time in response to the fraction of the population already vaccinated and whether vaccination has occurred voluntarily or not. A negative effect of enforcement on vaccine acceptance (of the magnitude observed in our panel or even considerably smaller) could result in a large increase in the numbers that would have to be vaccinated unwillingly in order to reach a herd-immunity target. Costly errors may be avoided if policy makers understand that citizens' preferences are not fixed but will be affected both by the crowding-out effect of enforcement and by conformism. Our findings have broad policy applicability beyond COVID-19 to cases in which voluntary citizen compliance is essential because state capacities are limited and because effectiveness may depend on the ways that the policies themselves alter citizens' beliefs and preferences.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.