ArticleNeurology2021
Association of Orthostatic Hypotension With Cerebral Atrophy in Patients With Lewy Body Disorders.
Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Supine Hypertension in Alpha-Synucleinopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between orthostatic hypotension and mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- Orthostatic hypotension in dementia with Lewy bodies: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2023Pooled it
- Autonomic debate: symptoms are an optimal target for orthostatic hypotension screening and management. An argument in opposition.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Article
- Cerebral hemodynamic changes and their effects on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease complicated with orthostatic hypotension.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Article
- Hallucinations and cognitive impairment are associated with blood pressure fluctuations in Parkinson's disease.BMJ neurology open · 2026Article
- Evidence of central autonomic dysfunction in orthostatic hypotension of Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Enhanced visual illusions in Parkinson's disease with cardiovascular autonomic failure.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease-More than just lightheadedness and fainting.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- A reset on our reclined position-a call to prioritize neurogenic supine hypertension in the synucleinopathies.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Review
- Disentangling the phenotypic patterns of hypertension and chronic hypotension.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2024Article
- Postprandial hypotension is more common than orthostatic hypotension in older adults with dementia with lewy bodies: a cross-sectional study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Supine hypertension is longitudinally associated with verbal memory decline in Parkinson disease.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2024Article
- Hypotensive episodes at 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring predict adverse outcomes in Parkinson's disease.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2024Article
- Brain white matter changes and their associations with non-motor dysfunction in orthostatic hypotension in α-synucleinopathy: A NODDI study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Aberrant microstructural integrity of white matter in mild and severe orthostatic hypotension: A NODDI study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Baseline prevalence and longitudinal assessment of autonomic dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Article
- Interactive effect of orthostatic hypotension on gray matter atrophy associated with hyposmia and RBD in de novo Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Association Between Orthostatic Hypotension and Dementia in Patients With Parkinson Disease and Multiple System Atrophy.Neurology · 2023Article
- Burden of caregiving for cardiovascular dysautonomia in Parkinson's disease.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
32 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Andrea PilottoFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus . pilottoandreae@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2029-6606
Alberto RomagnoloFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0002-1312-1843
Andrea ScalviniFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Mario MasellisFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0002-6244-2096
Yasushi ShimoFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0003-1712-0845
Laura BonanniFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0001-7443-9233
Richard CamicioliFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Lily L WangFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0002-5107-438X
Alok K DwivediFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Katherine LongardnerFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Federico Rodriguez-PorcelFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0002-7492-5095
Mark DiFrancescoFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0001-8002-0332
Joaquin A VizcarraFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0003-0306-4774
Elisa MontanaroFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Simona MauleFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Alessandro LupiniFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Carmen Ojeda-LópezFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0003-2098-1240
Sandra E BlackFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Stefano Delli PizziFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Myrlene GeeFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Ryota TanakaFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Kazuo YamashiroFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Taku HatanoFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0002-6808-0444
Barbara BorroniFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Roberto GasparottiFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Maria C RizzettiFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Nobutaka HattoriFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Leonardo LopianoFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Irene LitvanFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0002-3485-3445
Alberto J EspayFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Alessandro PadovaniFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .
Aristide MerolaFrom the Neurology Unit (A. Pilotto, A.S., B.B., A.L., A. Padovani), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Neuroradiology Unit (R.G.), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia; Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre (A. Pilotto, M.C.R.), FERB ONLUS-S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" (A.R., E.M., L.L.) and Autonomic Unit (S.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), University of Toronto; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (M.M., C.O.-L., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (Y.S., R.T., K.Y., T.H., N.H.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (L.B., S.D.P.), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (R.C., M.G.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Radiology (L.L.W.), and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (A.K.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center (K.L., I.L.), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Neurology (F.R.-P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Imaging Research Center (M.D), Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.D.), OH; Department of Neurology (J.A.V.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ASST Spedali Civili Hospital (R.G.), Brescia, Italy; and Department of Neurology (A.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus .ORCID 0000-0002-5587-726X
University of Pisa · IT
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate whether orthostatic hypotension (OH) or supine hypertension (SH) is associated with brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), we analyzed clinical and radiologic data from a large multicenter consortium of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).
methodsSupine and orthostatic blood pressure (BP) and structural MRI data were extracted from patients with PD and DLB evaluated at 8 tertiary-referral centers in the United States, Canada, Italy, and Japan. OH was defined as a systolic/diastolic BP fall ≥20/10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing from the supine position (severe ≥30/15 mm Hg) and SH as a BP ≥140/90 mm Hg with normal sitting BP. Diagnosis-, age-, sex-, and disease duration-adjusted differences in global and regional cerebral atrophy and WMH were appraised with validated semiquantitative rating scales.
resultsA total of 384 patients (310 with PD, 74 with DLB) met eligibility criteria, of whom 44.3% (n = 170) had OH, including 24.7% (n = 42) with severe OH and 41.7% (n = 71) with SH. OH was associated with global brain atrophy (
conclusionsOH, but not SH, was associated with cerebral atrophy in Lewy body disorders, with prominent temporal region involvement. Neither OH nor SH was associated with WMH.
Indexed as
AgedAged, 80 and overAtrophyFemaleHumansHypotension, OrthostaticLewy Body DiseaseMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedParkinson DiseaseSeverity of Illness IndexTemporal LobeWhite Matter
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